Objectives: This study investigates the impact of emotional labor of hospital pharmacists on their customer-oriented behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the hospitals in Eastern Taiwan. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire with a representative sample of 274 hospital pharmacists and 235 effective questionnaires were used for further statistical analysis. Results: Pharmacists had higher emotional labor and higher customeroriented behaviors. In particular, pharmacists who aged 41 years and older, married, working less than one year, had higher emotional labor. We found that emotional exhaustion did not have the mediating effect between emotional labor and customer-oriented behaviors. Emotional cognition, emotional empathy, emotional expression and awareness, and emotional adaptation did not have moderating effects among emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and customer-oriented behaviors. Both emotional labor and emotional cognition were the two significant influential factors to customer-oriented behaviors. Conclusions: Hospital managers should not only continuously place emotional labor demand on pharmacists but also need to arrange emotional management courses and counseling services for them. Pharmacists would finally provide patient-centered services for hospital clients.