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摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
A Semantic Map Approach to Crosslinguistic Comparisons of Polysemy: Implications for Perspectivization Theories
書刊名:
清華學報
作者:
黃舒屏
作者(外文):
Huang, Shu-ping
出版日期:
2007
卷期:
37:2
頁次:
頁579-610
主題關鍵詞:
比較語意學
;
語意圖譜
;
觀點化
;
語料標記
;
Comparative semantics
;
Semantic map
;
Perspectivization
;
Meta-language glossing
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:0
點閱:76
在跨語言溝通中,我們經常使用「直接翻譯」作為了解一個陌生語言的新詞語最迅捷的方式。本文藉由「語意圖譜」的理論,探討直接翻譯可能帶來的誤解:若將概念想像成一個圖譜,不同的語言在表達同一個概念時,切分概念空間的方式有其約定俗成的社會力量,圖譜劃分的邊界無法完美地筍合,跨語言的同義詞也因此出現語意落差。以賽夏語的nahan 一詞為例,它可以表示事件重複、事件延續、成員增述、以及事件相序。這些功能之間彼此相關,構成一個概念域,但是這個概念域在中文中卻被切分成三個類別,分別以「還」、「再」、「又」來表示。雖然中文的「還」、「再」、「又」常被視為nahan的跨語言同義詞,但這四個詞發展的路徑卻大不相同,各自和其語境緊密結合,其結構和意義必須仰賴學習而非單純的將之對等。這種概念表達的不自由性促使我們相信除了客觀化、主觀化、及互動主觀化之外,語言的使用應該加入「群體化」此一觀點。我們認為語言的型態與其社會功能息息相關,不能單純地用說話者的「個體認知能力」來解釋,而語境和社會性的影響正是未來語言學研究必須考慮的關鍵因素。
以文找文
In crosslinguistic communications, direct translation has often been used as an effective way to understand a novel linguistic form in a foreign language. By utilizing the notion of “semantic map,” we would like to show the possible mismatches of direct translations. Speakers in one language often take a socially-shared perspective to map the conceptual structure to the semantic structure, rendering different verbalizations. Saisiyat nahan is, for example, used to denote repetition, continuation, addition, and succession. However, the conceptual space NAHAN is categorized into three different groups denoted by haí 還, zaì 再, and yoù 又 in Mandarin. The semantic extensions of Saisiyat nahan and Mandarin haí 還, zaì 再, and yoù 又 follow different routes, and there are collectively-agreed verbalization that can only be mastered through the real uses. In view of this, in addition to subjectification, intersubjectification and objectification, we suggest that a fourth perspective — collectivization — is crucial to the development of language. Because language is to a large extent a social product that is beyond speaker-internal cognition, studies of language have to take into consideration the power of contextualization and its impact on society.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Yeh, Meng(1998)。On 還 hai in Mandarin。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,26(2),236-280。
2.
van der Auwera, Johan、Plungian, Vladimir A.(1998)。Modality's Semantic Map。Linguistic Typology,2(1),79-124。
3.
Langacker, Ronald W.(1990)。Subjectification。Cognitive Linguistics,1(1),5-38。
4.
Fillmore, Charles J.、Kay, Paul、O'Connor, Mary Catherine(1988)。Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone。Language,64(3),501-538。
5.
Michaelis, Laura A.(1993)。"Continuity" within three scalar models: The polysemy of adverbial still。Journal of Semantics,10,193-237。
6.
Matthewson, Lisa(2004)。On the methodology of semantic fieldwork。International Journal of American Linguistics,70,369-415。
7.
劉鳳樨(2001)。The scalar particle hai in Chinese。Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale,29,41-84。
8.
Han, Yu-Kuo(2004)。Hanyu fuci you de qiyi-jian tan fanchou yufa dui hanyu yianjiu de shiyongxing。Academic Journal of Yunnan Normal University,2,64-69。
9.
Györi, Gabor(2002)。Semantic change and cognition。Cognitive Linguistics,13,123-166。
10.
Goddard, Cliff(2001)。Lexical-semantic universals: A critical overview。Linguistic Typology,5,1-65。
11.
Botne, Robert(2005)。Cognitive schemas and motion verbs: Coming and going in Chindali (Eastern Bantu)。Cognitive Linguistics,16,43-80。
圖書
1.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.(2000)。Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices。Oxford University Press。
2.
Wierzbicka, Anna(1996)。Semantics: Primes and Universals。Oxford University Press。
3.
Yeh, Meili(2000)。A Reference of Grammar of Saisiyat。Taipei:Yuanliou。
4.
Bowerman, Melissa、Choi, Soonja(2003)。Space under construction: language specific spatial categorization in first language acquisition。Language in Mind。Cambridge:MIT Press。
5.
Haspelmath, Martin(1997)。Indefinite Pronouns。Clarendon Press。
6.
Langacker, R.(1990)。Foundations of Cognitive Grammar -- Descriptive Application。Stanford:Stanford University Press。
7.
Kemmer, Suzanne(1993)。The middle voice。Amsterdam/Philadelphia。
8.
Taylor, John R.(2002)。Cognitive Grammar。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
9.
Dasher, Richard B.、Traugott, Elizabeth Closs(2002)。Regularity in Semantic Change。Cambridge University Press。
10.
Dowty, David Roach(1979)。Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The Semantics of Verbs and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague's PTQ。Dordrecht。
11.
Boas, Franz(1940)。Race, Language, and Culture。New Work:Macmillian。
12.
Talmy, Leonard(2000)。Toward a Cognitive Semantics。Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press。
13.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee、Carroll, John B.(1956)。Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings。MIT Press。
14.
Levinson, Stephen C.(2000)。Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature。Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press。
15.
Croft, William A.、Cruse, D. Alan(2004)。Cognitive Linguistics。Cambridge University Press。
16.
Croft, William(1991)。Syntactic categories and grammatical relations: The cognitive organization of information。University of Chicago Press。
17.
Langacker, Ronald W.(1991)。Foundations of cognitive grammar: Descriptive application。Stanford:Stanford University Press。
18.
Lakoff, George(1987)。Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind。Chicago, IL:Chicago University Press。
19.
Li, Charles Na、Thompson, Sandra Annear(1981)。Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar。University of California Press。
20.
Goldberg, Adele Eva(1995)。Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure。University of Chicago Press。
21.
Croft, William A.(2001)。Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective。Oxford University Press。
22.
Talmy, L.(1983)。How language structures space。Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research and Application。New York:Plenum Press。
23.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig(1963)。Philosophical Investigations。Philosophical Investigations。New York。
24.
Tyler, Andrea、Evans, Vyvyan(2003)。The semantics of English prepositions: Spatial scenes, embodied meaning and cognition。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
25.
蘇以文、黃舒屏(2006)。Polysemy and categorization: Implications to corpus documentation。Streams Converging Into an Ocean: Festschrift in Honor of Professor Paul Jen-kuei Li on His 70th Birthday。Taipei。
26.
Slobin, D.(1996)。From "thought to language" to "thinking for speaking"。Rethinking Linguistic Relativity。Cambridge。
27.
Malinowski, Bronislaw Kasper(1938)。The problem of meaning in primitive languages。The Meaning of Meaing。New York。
28.
Lehrer, Adrienne(1992)。A theory of vocabulary sturctures: Retrospectives and Prospectives。Thirty years of linguistic evolution。Amsterdam。
29.
Haspelmath, Martin(2003)。The geometry of grammatical meaning: Semantic maps and cross-linguistic comparison。The new psychology of language (2)。Mahwah, NJ。
30.
Gumperz, John J.、Levinson, S. C.(1996)。Rethinking Linguistic Relativity。Rethinking Linguistic Relativity。Cambridge。
31.
Graumann, Carl F.、Kallmeyer, Werner(2002)。Perspective and perspectivization in discourse。Perspective and perspectivization in discourse。Amsterdam。
32.
Graumann, Carl F.(1992)。Speaking and understanding from viewpoints: Studies in perspectivity。Language, interaction and social cognition。London。
33.
Graumann, Carl F.(1990)。Perspectival structure and dynamics in dialogues。The dynamics of dialogue。New York。
34.
Goddard, Cliff(2002)。The search for the shared semantic croe of all languages。Meaning and universal grammar: Theory and empirical findings (1)。Amsterdam。
35.
Ford, Cecilia E.、Fox, Barbara A.、Thompson, Sandra A.(2003)。Social interaction and grammar。The new psychology of language (2)。London。
36.
Bühler, K.(1933)。Sprachtheorie。Sprachtheorie。Sttuttgart。
37.
Bowerman, Melissa(1996)。Learning how to structure space for language: A crosslinguistic perspective。Language and space。Cambridge。
其他
1.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs(1999)。From Subjectification to Intersubjectification,Vancouver, Canada。
2.
王玨珵,呂維倫(2006)。The polysemy of hai revisited,Taipei。
延伸查詢
圖書論文
1.
Greenberg, Joseph H.(1963)。Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements。Universals of human language。Cambridge, MA:MIT Press。
2.
Hopper, Paul J.(1998)。Emergent Grammar。The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language Structure。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。
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