Investigating the Syntax of Postverbal Modals in Hakka__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Investigating the Syntax of Postverbal Modals in Hakka
書刊名：	Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
作者：	鍾叡逸
作者(外文)：	Chung, Zoey Jui-yi
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	10:1
頁次：	頁69-113
主題關鍵詞：	比較語法；製圖理論；動後模態詞；客語；Comparative syntax；Cartography；Postverbal modal；Hakka
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:82 點閱:85

語動後模態詞，tet「得」，有別於典型模態句式呈現獨特的動後語序，造成語言內部分歧；同時也引起理論層次的問題，即超乎普遍基底假說 (Universal Base Hypothesis, Cinque 1997)的預測。再者就模態性(modality)而論，動後模態句展現了「模態光譜」(the spectrum of modality)，下從辭彙層的能願情態、上致曲折層的義務情態。本文利用製圖理論(Cartographic Approach, Rizzi 1997, Cinque 1999) 探討其句法語義特質，並從比較語法的角度切入，以廣泛了解動後模態現象。動後模態結構一如典型模態句，模態詞組居於動詞組之上，表層的動後語序則是肇因於詞法要求，驅動動詞移位或者輕動詞架接，而這兩者都可以從被動式、處置式和副詞修飾範域等現象得到驗證。本文藉由客語動後模態詞研究配合跨語言比較，補捉模態詞句法語義的對應關係，以及功能詞之間的互動現象。

以文找文

This paper presents a syntactic account for the odd distribution of the postverbal modal element, tet, in Sixian Hakka, an SVO language in which a modal auxiliary precedes the main verb. Inspired by the cartographic approach (Cinque 1999, Rizzi 1997), I propose that the modal element tet patterns with regular modals in being syntactically higher than the VP, and the surface form is derived to satisfy the morphonological requirement of tet via either Move (of V-raising) or Merge (with the light verb zo ‘do’). Three types of tet sentences show the spectrum of modality across functional projections (Tsai 2010). Furthermore, the present analysis can explain the asymmetries of the three types of tet in the passivization and disposal construals as well as the interaction with certain adverbials. Finally, I compare tet with Cantonese dak (Cheng and Sybesma 2004), to achieve a broader cross-dialectal perspective. This analysis provides a better understanding of the mapping between syntax and semantics.

以文找文

期刊論文
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13.	Tang, Sze-Wing(2002)。Focus and dak in Cantonese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，30(2)，266-309。
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15.	Tsai, Wei-Tien(2010)。Tan hanyu motaici qi fenbu yu quanshi de duiying guanxi。Zhongguo Yuwen \=中國語文，3，208-221。
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18.	Beck, Sigrid(2006)。Intervention effects follow from focus interpretation。Natural Language Semantics，12，1-56。
19.	Cheng, Lai-Shen Lisa、Sybesma, Rint(2004)。Postverbal ‘can’ in Cantonese (and Hakka) and Agree。Lingua，114，419-445。
20.	Cinque, Guglielmo(2005)。Deriving Greenberg’s Universal 20 and its Exceptions。Linguistic Inquiry，36(3)，315-332。
21.	Haumann, Dagmar(2007)。Adverb Licensing and Clause Structure in English。Journal of Linguistics，238-243。
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會議論文
1.	Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan(2007)。Two types of light verbs in Chinese。New York City。
2.	Tsai, Cheng-Yu Edwin、Chung, Jui-yi Zoey(2010)。The syntax of modal tet in Hakka and some dialectal correlates。Joint meeting of IACL-18 & NACCL-22，(會議日期: May 20-22, 2010)。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University。
3.	Yang, Chung-Yu Barry(2009)。Two types of intervention effects。Hyderabad, India。
4.	Li, Shih-Min(2008)。The pathway of semantic and morphosyntactic change of det4 (得) in Hakka。

研究報告
1.	Cinque, Guglielmo、Luigi, Rizzi(2008)。The Cartography of Syntactic Structures。

學位論文
1.	強舒媺(2009)。Event conception and argument realizations of Hakka potential complement constructions: Integration of cognitive-constructional models，Taipei。
2.	Bobaljik, Jonathan David(1995)。Morphosyntax: The Syntax of Verbal Inflection(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Cambridge, MA。
3.	Lin, Tzong-Hong Jonah(2001)。Light Verb Syntax and the Theory of Phrase Structure(博士論文)。University of California。
4.	Lee, Hun-Tak Thomas(1995)。Postverbal quantifiers in Cantonese.。
5.	Rizzi, Luigi(2004)。On the Form of Chains: Criterial Positions and ECP Effects(碩士論文)。University of Siena，Siena。

圖書
1.	Cinque, Guglielmo(2006)。Restructuring and Functional Heads: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, vol. 4.。New York：Oxford University Press。
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4.	Rizzi, Luigi(1990)。Relativized Minimality。MIT Press。
5.	Ernst, Thomas(2002)。The Syntax of Adjuncts。Cambridge University Press。
6.	Chomsky, Noam(1995)。The minimalist program。MIT Press。
7.	Cinque, Guglielmo(1999)。Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective。Oxford University Press。
8.	Simpson, Andrew、Li, A.(2003)。Functional Structure(s), Form and Interpretation: Perspectives from Asian languages。London。
9.	Belleti, Adriana(2004)。Structures and Beyond。The Cartography of Syntactic Structures。Oxford。
10.	De Haan, Ferdinand(2005)。Encoding speaker perspective: Evidentials。Linguistic Diversity and Language Theories \\ Frajzyngier, Zygmunt ; Hodges, Adam ; Rood, David S. (ed.)。Amsterdam。
11.	De Haan, Ferdinand(2005)。Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality。The World Atlas of Language Structures \\ Haspelmath, Martin ; Dryer, Matthew S. ; Gil, David ; Comrie, Bernard (ed.)。Oxford。
12.	Enfield, N.J(2003)。Linguistic epidemiology. Semantics and grammar in mainland South-East Asia。London。
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15.	Huang, James C.-T(2004)。Ta de laoshi dang de hao。Essays Commemorating Professor Lü Shuxiang \=呂叔湘先生百歲誕辰紀念會議論文集。延伸查詢
16.	Li, Shih-Min(2008)。Variation of X det4 construction in Hakka。5th International Conference on Construction Grammar (ICCG-5)。USA。
17.	Luo, Zhao-Jin(1985)。The Grammar of Hakka Dialect (Keyu Yufa)。Taipei。
18.	Qin Xiaohang(1995)。Modern Zhuang Language。Beijing。

其他
1.	Huang, James C.-T(2005)。Syntactic Analyticity and the Other End of the Parameter。

圖書論文
1.	De Haan, Ferdinand(2005)。Coding of evidentiality。The World Atlas of Language Structures。Oxford University Press。
2.	Sybesma, Rint(2008)。Zhuang: A Tai language with some Sinitic characteristics: Post-verbal 'can' in Zhuang, Cantonese, Vietnamese and Lao。From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics。John Benjamins。
3.	Rizzi, Luigi(1997)。The fine structure of the left periphery。Elements of Grammar: Handbook in Generative Syntax。Kluwer Academic Publishers。
4.	Rizzi, Luigi(2001)。On the Position "Int(errogative)" in the Left Periphery of the Clause。Current Studies in Italian Syntax. Essays Offered to Lorenzo Renzi。Amsterdam：Elsevier North-Holland。
5.	Chomsky, Noam(2001)。Derivation by phase。Ken Hale: A life in language。MIT Press。
6.	黃正德(19970000)。On Lexical Structure and Syntactic Projection。中國境內語言暨語言學。臺北：中央研究院歷史語言研究所出版品編輯委員會。延伸查詢
7.	Rizzi, Luigi(2004)。Locality and Left Periphery。Structures and Beyond: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures。Oxford University Press。

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