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題名：Problematics of Translation in Ha Jin's Poetry: Poet, Critic, Translator
書刊名：Tamkang Review
作者：Chang, Joan Chiung-huei
出版日期：2014
卷期：45:1
頁次：頁81-103
主題關鍵詞：哈金；語言；翻譯；殘骸；德希達；班雅明；Ha Jin；Language；Translation；Wreckage；Jacques Derrida；Walter Benjamin
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哈金喜歡把玩中英文不同的語言特色，在創作中將兩者合而為一。他以本土化的英語論述重塑中文的諺語、譬喻與句構，翻譯、挪用並重組中文的語法，創造出饒富中文色彩的英語創作。閱讀哈金的詩集《殘骸》(Wreckage)，受過中文教育的讀者很容易就可以發現詩中有許多中國古典詩詞的翻譯及改寫。作品中的詩人引述古典詩詞，以抒發個人情懷，而讀者不禁會思考：哈金的詩作源頭到底有多大的成分是來自中國文學？我們能夠依據哪些特點以及哪些標準來辨識所謂的創意？我們要如何區分「創新」與「改造」？而這樣的區分是否會改變我們對於哈金詩作的解讀與評斷？在哈金的詩作中，對中國古典詩詞的引述與對美國現今情境的感觸，二者或並置、或融合、或相互對照、或互相影響，這其中透露著何種訊息？被翻譯的是什麼，是中國詩詞還是美國情感？被移植的又是什麼，是文學還是文化？當中國的詩文被翻譯成英文、移植至美國之後，意義是否會有所轉化？是否會因應哈金複雜的美國移民經驗而呈現出某種迥異於以往的新義？而哈金的三重身份－詩者、評者、譯者－是彼此互補或彼此衝突？而這種種文學、文化再現，又訴說了何種華人離散的意涵，這些將是本文討論的重點。
Ha Jin's works bespeak an impressive linguistic creativity. Reconfigurating Chinese language through a nativized discourse of English, Ha Jin has translated, appropriated, and reconstructed Chinese linguistic norms and specifics into English-language literature in remarkable fashion. Studying Ha Jin's ＂Wreckage＂, a reader with Chinese education will be ready to identity fragments of renowned Chinese classical verse. Thus the reader is invited to ponder: To what extent does Ha Jin draw his poetic inspiration from the corpus of Chinese literature? How shall we measure accredited creativity? How do we distinguish innovation from renovation, and do those distinctions change our reading of the poems? Although Ha Jin has written exclusively of the reality of Chinese politics and society (with ＂A Free Life＂ the only exception so far), this material does not obviate the possibility of reading his works as belonging to a tradition of US immigrant literature. In Ha Jin's poetry, the juxtaposition, interaction and fusion of classical Chinese verse and contemporary American sensibility can be telling. Which has been translated, the Chinese verse or the American sensibility? What has been transplanted and translated? Have the Chinese poetry texts, after being transplanted into the English verse, undergone a transformation of meaning and resurfaced with new significance corresponding to the complexity of Ha Jin's immigrant experiences in America? This paper aims to explore how Ha Jin's Chinese poetry texts show significance corresponding to the complexity of his immigrant experiences in America.
期刊論文
1.Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty(2000)。Translation as culture。Parallax，6(1)，13-24。  new window
2.Bassnett, Susan(2005)。Translating Terror。Third World Quarterly，26(3)，393-403。  new window
3.Brownlie, Siobhan(2004)。Derridian-inspired Ideas for the Conduct of Translators。Babel，50(4)，310-331。  new window
4.Bruns, Gerald L.(1980)。The Originality of Texts in a Manuscript Culture。Comparative Literature，32(2)，113-129。  new window
5.Even-Zohar, Itamar(1990)。The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem。Poetics Today，11(1)，45-51。  new window
6.Jin, Ha(2000)。Traveling Mug。World Literature Today，74(3)，486。  new window
7.Nelson, Brian(2007)。Translating Cultures, Cultures of Translation。Journal of Intercultural Studies，28(4)，361-365。  new window
8.單德興(20080600)。In the Ocean of Words: An Interview with Ha Jin。Tamkang Review，38(2)，135-157。new window  new window
9.Stephanides, Stephanos(2004)。Translatability of Memory in an Age of Globalization。Comparative Literature Studies，41(1)，101-115。  new window
10.Thomas, John D.(1998)。Across an Ocean of Words。Emory Magazine，74(1)。  new window
11.Zhang, Hang(2002)。Bilingual Creativity in Chinese English: Ha Jin's In the Pond。World Englishes: Journal of English as an International and International Language，21(2)，305-315。  new window
12.Derrida, Jacques(2001)。What Is a "Relevant" Translation?。Critical Inquiry，27(2)，174-200。  new window
圖書
1.Jin, Ha(2008)。The Writer as Migrant。University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.Ha, Jin(2001)。Wreckage。New York：Hanging Loose。  new window
3.哈金、明迪(2011)。錯過的時光：哈金詩選。臺北：聯經。  延伸查詢new window
4.Toury, Gideon(1995)。Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond。John Benjamins。  new window
5.錢穆(2008)。先秦諸子繫年。臺北：東大圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Caswell, Michelle(20001117)。An Interview with Ha Jin。  new window
2.陳耀森(20060902)。孔子诛少正卯--孔子辯誣之二，http://www.con-fucius2000.com/admin/list.asp?id=2590， 2013/10/10。  延伸查詢new window
3.Pound, Ezra(20120902)。The River Merchant's Wife: A Letter，http://www.poemhunter.com/i/ebooks/pdf/ezra_ pound_2012_4.pdf， 2014/11/10。  new window
4.Schwartz, Lynne Sharon(200209)。Emigres Looking Homeward。  new window
5.唐君毅(20090601)。崔東壁、梁玉繩對孔子誅少正卯事致疑之理由述評，http://www.yuandao.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=33766&Page=1， 2013/10/10。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Benjamin, Walter(1955)。Theses on the Philosophy of History。Illuminations: Essays and Reflections。New York：Schocken。  new window
2.Derrida, Jacques(1987)。Le retrait de la metaphore。Psyche, Inventions de Vautre。Paris：Galilee。  new window
3.Jin, Ha(1990)。Ways。Between Silences: A Voice from China。Chicago：U of Chicago P。  new window
4.Rexroth, Kenneth(1987)。The Poet as Translator。World Outside the Window: The Selected Essays of Kenneth Rexroth。New York：New Directions。  new window
5.Ward, Jean Elizabeth(2007)。A Song of Chananggan。Tang Poets。  new window
6.徐復觀(1993)。論孔子誅少正卯。中國思想史論集。Taipei：Taiwan Student。  延伸查詢new window
7.Paz, Octavio(1992)。Translation: Literature and Letters。Theories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida。Chicago：U of Chicago P。  new window
 
 
 
 
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