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題名:認知觀點之寫作歷程與寫作教學
書刊名:初等教育學報
作者:王萬清 引用關係
出版日期:1994
卷期:7
頁次:頁171-212
主題關鍵詞:寫作歷程寫作教學
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:21
  • 點閱點閱:33
近年來有關寫作的研究傾向,國外學者致力於:1.早期寫作符號的發展,2.論述分析,3.故事結構,4.基礎寫作者(Basic Writers),5.新修辭學,6.寫作的憂慮,7.教室實際活動,8.反應及9.寫作歷程的研究,其間由於認知心理學的影響,仲寫作歷程及寫作教學策略的研究廣受重視,有關的研究究重點,專注於四種知識:寫作內容的知識,操縱內容的程序知識,論文結構的知識和能產生特別型式的程序性知識。研究的探討層次包含六個層次:表達的探索、實徵變項測驗、文章分析、過程描述、理論的實驗和模擬。在寫作歷程的研究上,視寫作為目標導向,寫作目標是一種階組織,寫作者使用三個主要過程(計劃、產生句子、修改)。寫作計劃的過程著重於知識的表徵,寫作計劃的資源,策略的知識。產生句子及修改的過程則著重於專家與生手的比較,以及修改文章的線索來源。寫作教學的研究則漸趨於寫作的教學策略、程序的促進,寫作討論及利用電腦促進寫作的研究。 國內學者則致力於寫作能力的發展、寫作的創造思考教學方案、早期作文能力之啟發、寫作能力測驗編製、小組寫作討論教學、寫作過程教學效果、作文常犯錯誤分析、國小寫作過及寫作教學理論之整理。 本文即根據上述研究結果,從認知心理學的觀點,論述兒童的寫作歷程、寫作教學及寫作評量,希望能對寫作的歷程及教學研究方向提供更清晰的剖析。
Review the researched results about student’s writing process and method of teaching writing with cognitive psychological views. The researcher suggested writing teaching strategies application on writing planning stages, translating stage, reviewing stage. The planning stage were top-down planning strategies with Wang Min-Der Teaching Method and Picture Explanation Writing Teaching Method. The translating stage were retrivel cluster of vocabulary, practice skills about rhetoric, vocabulary fluncy, elabrolate, and concept concretive. The reviewing stage were teacher/student discussion strategies, peer interaction strategies, increase/revise strategies. The next suggested that evaluation of writing were declarative knowledge, control process, cognitive strategies, and metacognitive process.
期刊論文
1.Chesky, J.、Hiebert, E. H.(1987)。The Effects of Prior Knowledge and Audience on High School Students1Writing。Journal of Education Research,80(5),304-313。  new window
2.Durst, R. K.、Newell, G. E.(1989)。The Uses of Function: James Britton's Category System and Research on Writing。Review of Educational Research,59(4),375-394。  new window
3.陳英豪、吳裕益、王萬清(1989)。兒童寫作能力測驗編製報告。初等教育學報,2,1-48。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Applebee, A. N.(1984)。Writing and reasoning。Review of Educational Research,54(4),577-596。  new window
5.孫淑惠(1990)。Approaches, Methods, and Techniques in Teaching EFL Writing。高雄師大學報,1,47-62。new window  new window
6.Juel, Connie(1988)。Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grades。Journal of Educational Psychology,80(4),437-447。  new window
7.陳品卿(1990)。作文教學的理論與實際及學生作文之評量。教育資料集刊,15,41-62。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Andreasen, N.、Cadenhead, K.、Kavens, G.、Riley, J. F.、Tyra, D.(1980)。The child and the composing process。The Elementary School Journal,80(5),247-253。  new window
9.Fitzgerald, J.(1987)。Research on Revision in Writing。Review of Educational Research,57(4),481-506。  new window
10.Hayes. John R.、Flower, Linda S.(1986)。Writing Research and the Writer。American Psychologist,41(10),1106-1113。  new window
11.Humes, A.(1983)。Research on the composing Process。Review of educational research,53(2),201-216。  new window
12.Humes, A.(1983)。Putting Writing Research into Practice。The Elementary School Journal,84(1),3-17。  new window
13.Katstra, J.、Tollefson, N.、Gilbert, E.(1987)。The Effect's of Peer Evaluation on Attitude Toward Writing and Writing Fluency of Ninth Grade Students。Journal of Educational Research,80(3),168-172。  new window
14.Kellogg, R. T.(1987)。Effects of topic knowledge on the allocation of processing time and cognitive effort to writing processes。Memory & Cognition,15(3),256-266。  new window
15.Perl, S.(1983)。How Teachers Teach the Writing Process。The Elementary Schools Journal,84(1),19-24。  new window
16.Weber, A.(1990)。Linking ITIP and the writing process。Educational leadership,35-39。  new window
17.Englert, C. S.、Stewart, S. R.、Hiebert, E. H.(1988)。Young Writers' Use of Text Structure in Expository Text Generation。Journal of Educational Psychology,80(2),143-151。  new window
18.Knudson, R. E.(1989)。Effects of instructional strategies on children's informational writing。Journal of Educational Research,83(2),91-96。  new window
19.DiPardo, A.、Freedman, S. W.(1988)。Peer Response Groups in the Writing Classroom: Theoretic Foundations and New Directions。Review of Educational Research,58(2),119-149。  new window
20.Hillocks, George Jr.(1987)。Synthesis of Research on Teaching Writing。Educational Leadership,44(8),71-82。  new window
會議論文
1.吳錦釵(1990)。寫作歷程探討與其在教學上的意義。七十八學年度台灣省教育學術論文發表會。  延伸查詢new window
2.李麗霞(1987)。看圖作文教學法與創造性主動作文教學法對國小學童早期作文能力發展之影響。七十六年國小課程研究學術研討會,臺灣省國民學校教師研習會舉辦 。國教研習會。119-129。  延伸查詢new window
3.王萬清(1992)。認知取向的寫作教學專家模式。人文教育國際學術研討會,國立高雄師範大學主辦 。  延伸查詢new window
4.Michael, H.(1986)。Theory before practice in the Training of Writing Teachers。The Annual meeting of the coference on college Composition and Communication, 37th,(會議日期: 1986/03/13-1986/03/15)。New Orleaus, LA。  new window
研究報告
1.張新仁(1992)。過程導向寫作教學法對國小學童寫作之訓練成效。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.孫麗翎(1988)。國小兒童作文常犯錯誤分析研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.王萬清(1992)。寫作教學初學者之教學內容知識結構及其改變歷程研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.趙金婷(1992)。國小學童寫作過程之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.林建平(1984)。作文和繪畫創造性教學方案對國小四年級學生創造力之影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.蔡榮昌(1979)。作文教學探討(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.蔡銘津(1991)。寫作過程教學法對國小學兒童寫作成效之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.王明徳、吳清德(1965)。王明德教學法。台北:庚子出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.杜淑貞(1986)。國小作文教學研究。台北:學生。  延伸查詢new window
3.林建平(1989)。創意寫作教室。台北:心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃基博(1977)。我教你修辭。屏東:太陽城。  延伸查詢new window
5.Allan A, Glathorn(1981)。Meriting in the school improvement through effective leadership。Reston, Virginia:National Association Of Secondary School Principals。  new window
6.Ellis, A.、Standal, J.、Pennau, J.、Rummel, M. K.(1989)。Elementary Language arts instruction。Englewood Ciffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall。  new window
7.Flavell, J. H.(1985)。Cognictive development。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall。  new window
8.Klein, M. L.(1985)。The development of writing in children: Pre-k through grade 8。Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall。  new window
9.王萬清(1988)。創造性閱讀與寫作教學。高雄:復文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Tiedt, Iris M.(1989)。Writing: from topic to evaluation。Ma:Needham Height。  new window
11.譚達士(1975)。作文教學方法革新。台中:台灣省政府教育廳。  延伸查詢new window
12.陳英豪、吳益裕、王萬清(1988)。同儕互動對國小學生寫作能力之影響研究。國立台南師範學院初等教育系。  延伸查詢new window
13.Gagne, R. M.、Briggs, L. J.、Wager, W. W.(1988)。Principles of instructional design。Fort Worth:Orlando, FL:New York:The Dryden Press:Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
14.Bushman, J. H.(1984)。The Teaching of Writing。Springield, Illinois:Charles C Thomas。  new window
15.Hoskisson, K.、Tompkins, G. E.(1987)。Language Arts: Content and Teaching Strategies。Columbus:Merrill Publishing Co.。  new window
16.Kathleen, C.(1988)。Teaching Composition: research on effective practices。Portland, Oreg:Northwest Regional Educational Lab.。  new window
17.Mason, J. M.(1989)。Reading and writing connections。Boston:Allyn and Bacon。  new window
18.王萬清(1991)。教師引導討論與小組討論對兒童寫作能力之影響。台南師院初等教育系。  延伸查詢new window
19.王萬清(1982)。兒童的人物,場景寫作能力發展研究。台北:台灣省國民學校教師研習會。  延伸查詢new window
20.黃基博(1969)。圖解作文教學法。屏東:台灣文教。  延伸查詢new window
21.鄭發明(1980)。用修辭學作文。台北:學生文物供應社。  延伸查詢new window
22.陳正治、顏炳耀、鄭發明(1977)。作文引導。臺北:國語日報。  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Hillocks, G., Jr.(1986)。Research on written composition: New directions for teaching,Urbana, Illinois。(ED 265552)。  new window
2.Colton Joint Unified School Disktrict(1984)。Writing program K-12 (Report No. CS-209-971(No. ED 271 791)。  new window
3.Russell, C.(1985)。Peer Conferencing and writing revision: a study of the relationship Wiscosin: W. C. T. E. Service bulletin(No. ED 260 392)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Biggs, J.(1988)。Approaches to Learning and to Essay Writing。Learning Strategies and Learning Styles。New York:Plenum。  new window
2.Raphael, T. E.、Engiert, C. S.、Kirschner, B. W.(1989)。Acquisition of Expository Writing Skilla。Reading and Writing Connections。Boston:Allyn and Bacon。  new window
3.Rubin, A.、Hansen, J.(1986)。Reading and Writing: How are the First Two "R' S" Related。Reading Comprehension: From research to practice。Hillsdate, New Jersey:Lawreuce Erlbaum Associates。  new window
4.Takala, S.(1988)。Orgin of the international Study of Writing。The IEA Study of Written Composition I: The International Writing Tasks and Scoring Scales。Oxford:Pogamon press。  new window
5.Scardamalia, M.、Bereiter, C.(1986)。Research on written composition。Handbook of Research on Teaching。New York:Macmillan publishing Co.。  new window
6.Bereiter, C.、Scardamalia, M.(1985)。Cognitive coping strategies and the problem of 'inert knowledge'。Thinking and learning skills: Vol. 2. Research and open questions。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
7.Hayes, J. R.、Flower, L.、Schriver, K.、Stratman, J.、Carey, L.(1987)。Cognitive processes in revision。Advances in applied Psycholinguistics: Reading, writing, and language learning。New York:Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Scardamalia, M.、Bereiter, C.(1987)。Knowledge telling and knowledge transforming in written composition。Advances in Applied Psycholinguistics, Vol. 2: Reading, Writing, and Language Learning。Cambridge:New York:Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Applebee, A. N.(1986)。Problem in process approaches: toward a reconceptualization of process instruction。The teaching of writing。Chicago, Illinois:NSSE。  new window
10.Gere, A. R.(1986)。Teaching Writing: The Major Theories。The Teaching of writing。Chicago, Illinois:The university of Chicago press。  new window
11.Graves, M.、Piche, G.(1989)。Knowledge About reading and writing。Knowledge base for the beginning teacher。Oxford:Pergmon Press。  new window
12.Gordon, C. J.、Brann, C.(1985)。Metacogintive Processes: Reading and Writing Narrative Discourse。Metacognition, Cognition and Human Performance, Vol. 2. Instructional Practices。Orlando:Academic Press, Inc.。  new window
13.Scardamalia, M.、Bereiter, C.(1986)。Writing。Cognition and Instruction。Orlando, Florida:Academic Press。  new window
14.Gagne, R. M.、Glaser, R.(1987)。Foundations in learning research。Instructional technology: foundations。Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
15.Beal, C. B.(1989)。Children's Communication Skills: Implications for the development of writing Strategies。Cognitive Strategy Research: From Basic Research to Educational Applications。New York:Spring-Verlag。  new window
16.Scardamalia, M.、Bereiter, C.(1985)。Fostering the development of self-regulation in children's knowledge processing。Thinking and learning skills: Research and open questions。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawreuce Erabaum Associate。  new window
 
 
 
 
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