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題名：問題表徵與問題解決
書刊名：屏東師院學報
作者：羅素貞
作者(外文)：Luo, Suh-jen
出版日期：1996
卷期：9
頁次：頁149-176
主題關鍵詞：問題解決；問題表徵；Problem representation；Problem solving
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(5) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:14
　　　　　本文基於訊息處理理論的觀點，除探討「知識豐富」的各學科領域中，問題表徵的形成過程、及其對問題解決的影響外，並回顧目前有關問題表徵的測量方式，及改進問題表徵的可能方法。從本文的回顧中可以結論有關問題表黴的特性如下：(1)問題表徵對於解題成敗有關鍵性的影響；(2)問題表徵的形成受到領域知識的影響；(3)表徽的測量從強調質的不同轉向強調量的不同；(4)問題表徵的教學著重在幫助解題者形成連貫性、對應性及連接性的問題表徵。而在問題解決的教學方面，本文也對教學者提出以下建議：(1)強調經由了解問題而解題；(2)對問題的陳述應簡明清楚；(3)幫助學生養成建立外在表徽的習慣；(4)注意屬性與處理的交互作用。
　　　　　Based on information processing theory, this paper is to explore the forming process of problem representation and the effects of problem representation on problem solving in knowledge-rich domain. In addition, it also reviews the ways of measurement on problem representation and how to improve the representation of problem. After this review , this paper summaries the following characteristics of problem representation: a) problem representation has critical effects on problem solving; b) domain knowledge will influence the formation of problem representation; c) the focus of measurement on problem representation shifts from categorizing representation to quantifying the quality of representation; d) the intruction of problem representation emphasizes helping children to contruct a coherent, corresponding and connective problem representation. Suggestions for teachers on instructing problem soving are as follows: a) teachers should instruct children to solve problems through understanding; b) teachers should state problems concisely and clearly; c) teachers should give the children more chances to practice the construction of external problem representation; d) teachers should be careful about the effects on the interaction of attribution and instruction.
期刊論文
1.Gick, M. L.、Holyoak, K. J.(1983)。Schema induction and analogical transfer。Cognitive Psychology，15，1-38。  new window
2.Kintsch, W.、Greeno, J. G.(1985)。Understanding and solving word arithmetic problems。Psychological Review，92，109-129。  new window
3.Chase, W. G.、Simon, H. A.(1973)。Perception in chess。Cognitive Psychology，4，55-81。  new window
4.Bransford, J.、Shrewood, R.、Vye, N.、Rieser, J.(1986)。Teaching thinking and problem solving。American Psychologist，41，1078-1089。  new window
5.Flower, L. S.、Hayes, J. R.(1981)。A cognitive process of writing。College Composition and Communication，33，365-387。  new window
6.Frederiksen, N.(1984)。Implications of cognitive theory for instruction in problem solving。Journal of Educational Research，54，363-407。  new window
7.Hardiman, P. T.、Dufresne, R.、Mestre, J. P.(1989)。The relation between problem categorization and problem solving among experts and novices。Memory and Cognition，17，627-638。  new window
8.Hayes, J. R.、Waterman, D. A.、Robinson, C. S.(1977)。Identifying relevant aspects of problem text。Cognitive Science，1，297-313。  new window
9.Johnson, S. D.(1988)。Cognitive analysis of expert and novice troubleshooting performance。Performance Improvement Quarter，1，38-54。  new window
10.Kaplan, C. A.、Simon, H.(1990)。In search of insight。Cognitive Psychology，22，374-491。  new window
11.Royer, J. M.、Cisero, C. A.、Carlo, M. S.(1993)。Technique and procedures for assessing cognitive skills。Review of Educational Research，63，201-243。  new window
12.Schoenfeld, A. H.、Herrmann, D. J.(1982)。Problem perception and knowledge structure in expert and novice mathematical problem solver。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，8(5)，484-494。  new window
13.Thorndike, E. L.、Woodworth, R. S.(1901)。The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other function。Psychological Review，8，247-261。  new window
14.Glaser, Robert(1984)。Education and thinking: The role of knowledge。American Psychologist，39(2)，93-104。  new window
會議論文
1.Cifarelli, V.(1993)。Representation process in mathematical problem solving。The annual meeting of the American Education Research Association。Atlanta, GA。  new window
2.De Corte, E.、Verschaffel, L.、Dewin, L.(1984)。The influence of rewording verbal problems on children's problem representation and solutions。The annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association。New Orleans, LA。  new window
3.Hutchinson, N.、Hemingway, P.(1987)。Teaching representation solution of algebraic word problem to learning disable adolescents。The annual meeting of American Educational Research Association。Washington, DC。  new window
4.Mukudan, K. V.、Hall, V. C.(1990)。Individual difference in quantitative inferencing ability and mathematical ability。The annual conference of the American Psychological Association。Boston, MA。  new window
5.Tsai, Shu-Er(1992)。Development of schema knowledge in the classroom: Effects upon problem representation and problem solution of programming。The annual conference of the American Educational Association。San Francisco, CA。  new window
6.Yackel, E.、Wheatley, G. H.(1985)。Characteristics of problem representation indicative of understanding in mathematics problem solving。The annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association。Chicago, IL。  new window
圖書
1.Glass, A. L.、Holyoak, K. J.、Santa, J. L.(1979)。Cognition。Reading, Mass.：Addison-Wesley。  new window
2.Hayes, J. R.(1989)。The complete problem solver。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.Kahney, H.(1986)。Problem solving: A Cognitive approach。Open University Press。  new window
4.Polya, G.(1965)。Mathematical discovery: On understanding, learning, and teaching problem solving。New York：John Wiley & Sons。  new window
5.Reynolds, A. G.、Flagg, P. W.(1983)。Cognitive Psychology。Boston：Little, Brown and Company。  new window
6.Whimbey, A.、Lochhead, J.(1981)。Problem solving and comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
7.Glass, A. L.、Holyoak, K. J.(1986)。Cognition。New York, NY：Random House。  new window
8.Mayer, Richard E.(1992)。Thinking, problem solving, cognition。W. H. Freeman and Company：Times Books：Henry Holt & Company。  new window
9.Newell, A. J.、Simon, H. A.(1972)。Human problem solving。Prentice-Hall。  new window
單篇論文
1.Bull, E. K.(1984)。Using verbal protocal to reflect the quality of problem representation in solving algebra word problem(ED 243686)。  new window
2.Koubek, R. J.(1990)。The role of training, indifference and knowledge representation in cognitive-oriented task performance，Dayton, Ohio.：Wright State Univ.。(No. ED 328593)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Caccamise, D. J.(1987)。Idea generation in writing。Writing in real time。Norwood, NJ：Ablx。  new window
2.Chi, M. T. H.、Glaser, R.、Rees, E.(1982)。Expertise in problem solving。Advances in the psychology of human intelligence。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associate。  new window
3.Detterman, D. K.(1993)。The case for the prosecution: Transfer as an epiphenomenon。Transfer on trial: Intelligence, cognition and instruction。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing Corp.。  new window
4.Gentner, D.、Gentner, D. R.(1983)。Flowing waters or teeming crowds: Mental models of electricity。Mental Models。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence。  new window
5.Glaser, R.、Lesgold, A.、Lajoie, S.(1985)。Toward a cognitive theory for the measurement of achievement。The influence of cognitive psychology on testing and measurement。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associate。  new window
6.Greeno, J. G.(1977)。Process of understanding in problem solving。Cognitive Theory。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
7.Greeno, J. G.、Simon, H.(1988)。Problem solving and reasoning。Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology。New York：Willey。  new window
8.Hinsley, D.、Hayes, J. R.、Simon, H. A.(1977)。From words to equations。Cognitive process in Comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
9.Kotovsky, K.、Fallside, D.(1889)。Representation and transfer in problem。Complex information processing。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
10.Larkin, J. H.(1983)。The role of problem representation in physics。Mental models。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
11.Lesgold, A.(1988)。Problem solving。The psychology of human thought。NY：Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Mayer, R. E.(1985)。Implications of cognitive of psychology for instruction in mathematical problem solving。Teaching and learning mathematical problem solving; Multiple research perspectives。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
13.Rumelhart, D. E.(1980)。Schemata: The building blocks of cognition。Theoretical issues in reading comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associate。  new window
14.Rumelhart, D. E.、Norman, D. A.(1988)。Representation in memory。Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology。New York：Wiley。  new window
15.Siegler, R. S.(1985)。Encoding and the development of problem solving。Thinking and learning skills。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
16.Vanlehn, K.(1990)。Problem solving and cognitive skills acquisition。Foundations of cognitive Science。Cambridge, Mass.：MIT Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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