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題名:新聞編輯的解題表現--專家與生手的比較
書刊名:新聞學研究
作者:陳曉開
作者(外文):Chen, Sheau-kai
出版日期:1997
卷期:54
頁次:頁237-268
主題關鍵詞:新聞編輯專家與生手問題解決News editingExpert and noviceProblem-solving
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:6
  • 點閱點閱:27
     本研究以認知心理學的專家與生手理論切入,探究新聞編輯在問題解決過程中的建立問題表徵的初步分析、分類基礙及知識結構表現是否會有不同;在執行解決方案階段的解題策略、評估策略及監控能力表現是否會有差異;並希望了解影響新聞編輯問題解決表現的職業背景因素。 研究結果發現,從事新聞編輯的年資愈深者,在初步分析、知識結構、解題策略及監控能力上的表現,傾向於專家;而年資較淺者,在上述表現具有生手的解題特性。
     News editing is seen here as a problem-solving process. Based on expert and novice theory, this paper is set to understanding the differences between expert and novice editors in their routine process of solving news editing problems. The factors related to it are also examined. The result shows that there are four types of performance difference that can be found between expert and novice editors. These are initial analysis, knowledge structure, problem-solving strategies and monitor ability. The research further shows that the number of years working for the newspaper industry is a good indicator of the capability for an editor to solve his/her news editing problems.
期刊論文
1.Abbott, Eric A.、Brassfield, Lynn T.(1989)。Comparing Decisions on Releases by TV and Newspaper Gatekeepers。Journalism Quarterly,66(4),853-856。  new window
2.Chang, T. K.、Lee, J. W.(1992)。Factors affecting gatekeepers' selection of foreign news: A national survey of newspaper editors。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly,69(3),554-561。  new window
3.Larkin, J. H.、McDermott, J.、Simon, D. P.、Simon, H. A.(1980)。Models of competence in solving physics problems。Cognitive Science,4(4),317-345。  new window
4.Gieber, W.(1956)。Across the Desk: A Study of 16 Telegraph Editors。Journalism Quarterly,33,423-433。  new window
5.Chase, William G.、Simon, Herbert A.(1973)。Perception in chess。Cognitive Psychology,4(1),55-81。  new window
6.Sweller, J.、Mawer, R. F.、Ward, M. R.(1983)。Development of expertise in mathematical problem solving。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,112(4),639-661。  new window
7.Chi, M. T. H.、Feltovich, P.、Glaser, R.(1981)。Categorization and representation of physics problem by experts and novices。Cognitive Sciences,5,121-152。  new window
8.Clyde, R. W.(1969)。Inter-media standardization: A q-analysis of news editors。Journalism Quarterly,46,349-351。  new window
9.Fiske, S. T.、Kinder, D. R.、Larter, W. M.(1983)。The novice and expert: Knowledge- based strategies in political cognition。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,19,381-400。  new window
10.Patel, V. L.、Groen, G. J.(1986)。Knowledge based solution strategies in medical reasoning。Cognitive Science,10,91-116。  new window
11.Becker, L. B.、Whitney, D. C.(1982)。Keeping the gates' for gatekeepers: The effects of wire news。Journalism Quarterly,59,60-65。  new window
12.Weiser, M.、Shertz, J.(1983)。Programming problem representation in novice and expert programmers。Informational Journal of Man-machine studies,19,391-398。  new window
13.Donohue, G. A.、Tichenor, P. J.、Olien, C. N.(1989)。Structure and Constraints on Community Newspaper Gatekeepers。Journalism Quarterly,66,807-812+845。  new window
會議論文
1.Tsang, K. J.、Chung, W. W.(1994)。Journalistic Expertise: A Cognitive Science Approach。AEJMC Convention。  new window
2.鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳百齡(1996)。傳播教育應該教些什麼?幾個極端的想法。政治大學新聞教育六十週年學術研討會論文。臺北:國立政治大學新聞學系。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.許舜青(1994)。新聞寫作歷程初探(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳順孝(1993)。臺灣報社編輯的守門行為:一個參與觀察法的個案研究(碩士論文)。文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.梁玉芳(1990)。新聞基模之研究--專家與生手知識結構差異之探討(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.郭俊良(1980)。編輯部的守門行為--一個組織觀點的個案研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.Craig, E. M.(1987)。Expert and Novice Problem Solving In a Complex Computer Game(博士論文)。University Microfilms International,Ann Arbor, MI。  new window
6.Maddocks, M. A.(1991)。Expert and Novice Trainers: Differences in Knowledge and Problem Solving Strategies(博士論文)。University Microfilm International,Ann Arbor, MI。  new window
圖書
1.林清山(1994)。教育心理學--認知取向。台北:遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.Stocking, S. H.、Gross, P. H.(1989)。How do journalists think?: A proposal for the study of cognitive bias in newsmaking。Bloomington, IN:Indiana University Press。  new window
3.Parsigain, E. K.(1992)。Mass media writing。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
4.Stone, G. C.(1987)。Examining Newspaper。Newbury Park, CA:Sage。  new window
5.Donald, F. U.、Ray, E. H.、Thomas, W. B.(1985)。Mass Media IV: A Introduction to Modern Communication。N. Y.:Longman。  new window
6.Hayes, J. R.(1989)。The Complete Problem Solver。Philadelphia:Franklin Institute Press。  new window
7.Shoemaker, P. J.(1991)。Gatekeeping。Sage。  new window
8.鄭麗玉(1993)。認知心理學:理論與應用。台北:五南。  延伸查詢new window
9.Anderson, J. R.(1990)。Cognitive psychology and its implications。New York:Freeman and Company。  new window
10.Anderson, John Robert(1983)。The architecture of cognition。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
11.Mayer, Richard E.(1992)。Thinking, problem solving, cognition。W. H. Freeman and Company:Times Books:Henry Holt & Company。  new window
12.Newell, A. J.、Simon, H. A.(1972)。Human problem solving。Prentice-Hall。  new window
圖書論文
1.鍾蔚文、臧國仁(1994)。如何由生手到專家。新聞學與術的對話。台北:國立政治大學新聞研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.Voss, J. F.、Post, T. A.(1988)。On the solving of ill-structured problems。The nature of expertise。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
3.臧國仁、鍾蔚文(1994)。記者如何問問題?如何問好問題?如何問對問題?。新聞「學」與「術」的對話。台北:國立政治大學新聞系研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Reimann P.、Chi, Michelene T. H.(1989)。Human expertise。Human and Machine Problem Solving。New York:Plenum Press。  new window
5.Gentner, D. R.(1988)。Expertise in typewriting。The Nature of Expertise。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
6.Lcsgold, A.、Rubinson, H.、Feltovich, P.、Glaser, R.、Klopfer, D.、Wang, Y.(1988)。Expertise in complex skill: Diagnosing x-ray pictures。The Nature of Expertise。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
7.Mayer, R. E.(1989)。Human nonadversary problem solving。Human and Machine Problem Solving。New York:Plenum Press。  new window
8.Chi, M. T. H.、Glaser, R.(1988)。Overview。The nature of expertise。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
 
 
 
 
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