南京時期國民政府與西南川、滇、黔三省關係，基本上是處於一種相互為用的狀態。當時國民政府已窮於應付來自國內外的各種挑戰，因此對於川、滇、黔諸省採取羈糜政策，以種種懷柔方式爭取其合作，而西南諸省在此時大體上亦表現出支持南京中央政府的態度。及至1935年中央勢力隨著剿共軍事的進展進入西南三省後，中央與地方脆弱的和諧關係乃為之打破。各省地方軍人為維護自己的地盤、利益，遂與中央發生大小不等的磨擦。這些衝突雖因抗戰的爆發，在民族大義的激勵下暫告停息，但在國民政府內遷重慶，西南成為抗戰大後方之後，中央與地方的利益衝突乃更為加劇，對日後中國政局造成極大影響。是以研究南京時期國民政府與地方實力派的關係，不僅能使吾人瞭解國民政府的政治結構及權力基礎，共對此階段國民政府的國家統一運動做出適宜的評價外，亦有助於抗戰史及戰後國共內戰歷史之研究。

During the Naking era (1927-1937), the relations between the Nationalist Government and the southwestern provinces of Szechwan, Yun-nan and Kuei-chow were basically the one of mutual benefits. Nationalist Government was then besieged by all kinds of challenges from both within and without. It had to adopt a policy of appeasement toward them to exchange for their cooperation. They did therefore reciprocate by showing their supports to the Naking government. When the anti-Communist campaigns in 1935 brought central authority into these three southwestern provinces, the fragile cordial relations were destroyed. In order to protect their own areas of interest, the local military leaders began to have many conflicts with the central government had moved to Chungking and when the southwestern regions became the important hinterlands in the anti-Janapese campaigns. This caused great impacts on the future development of Chinese politics. The study of the relationship between the Nationalist Government and the powerful clique of local interests will not only enable us to achieve a fair evaluation of the role of Nationalist Government in the movement of national unification throught the study of its political structure and the power base but is also helpful to understand the anti-Japanese War and the civil wars between the nationalists communists.