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題名:有關創造力測量的一些思考
書刊名:心理科學進展
作者:貢喆劉昌沈汪兵
作者(外文):Gong, ZheLiu, ChangShen, Wangbing
出版日期:2016
卷期:2016(1)
頁次:31-45
主題關鍵詞:創造力創造力測量創造力測驗發散思維測驗CreativityMeasurement of creativityCreativity testDivergent thinking test
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創造力測量是創造力研究的基礎,然而該領域研究成果卻一直飽受質疑,因此如何準確測量創造力是研究者亟需解決的問題。近幾年,創造力測量領域圍繞一些研究熱點,在多方面取得顯著進展。例如:發散思維測驗獨特性維度的計分問題,或許可以通過主觀計分法解決;頓悟類測驗可能表徵個體創造力水平,但效度仍有待於進一步確認;創造力成就測驗可能帶來的共同方法變異問題,需要通過合理應用測驗規避;同感評估技術或許會引起評定者效應;研究者開始從語義網絡角度測量創造力等等。未來該領域研究應當在:基本概念問題上達成共識;從測驗內容和施測過程優化測驗質量;採用混合測驗的策略以及通過跨領域研究增進測量技術多樣化等方面進行努力。
Creativity measurements are the foundation of creativity research. However, the accuracy of the results of creativity measurements have been long questioned by scholars in the field, making precise creativity measurements an urgent topic for exploration. For example, the divergent thinking test is central in the study of creativity, but its traditional scoring systems have faced well documented problems. Insight tests may represent individual creativity levels, but their validity still remains to be confirmed. Creative achievement tests are not always used legitimately, which may cause common method variance, and consensual assessment techniques may cause rater effects. Fortunately, however, in recent years, remarkable progress has been achieved in some creativity measurement hotspots. For example, new subjective scoring methods for assessing the uniqueness dimension of divergent thinking tests may improve assessment reliability and validity. This paper hopes to contribute to progress in this area, and researchers explore the measurement of creativity from semantic network aspect. Future research should focus on the following points: unifying basic conceptions, optimizing tests from content and process aspects, using mixed tests, increasing the diversification of tests through intersection research, etc.
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