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題名:臺灣中部臺地河川襲奪及其在構造地形上的意義 -以瓦瑤溪、竹坑北坑、南勢埔坑為例
作者:黃麗津
作者(外文):Huang,Li-Chin
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:蔡衡
楊貴三
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:河川襲奪構造地形指標活動構造地形演育river capturetectonic geomorphology indicesactive tectonicsgeomorphic evolution
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究區中部臺地,範圍包括后里臺地、大肚臺地以及八卦臺地。中部臺地位在臺灣最年輕的活動構造帶上,岩性均質且時間尺度一致,因此臺地水系演育主要受構造控制。研究本區的河川襲奪地形演育能了解活動構造如何影響河流地形。本研究透過航照判釋及野外調查觀察到臺灣中部后里、大肚及八卦臺地上的水系有河川襲奪、河道變遷等類型。八卦臺地斷頭河谷數量達65處,河川襲奪水區達46個,居中部臺地之首,併水、斷頭作用之向源侵蝕等方式產生的河川襲奪,在中部臺地上正活躍上演。在中部臺地,一個集水區同時出現斷頭河及搶水河,是非常普遍的現象。中部臺地河川襲奪依斷頭河、風口階地的高度以及改向河河道狀況等地形證據,可推測河川襲奪的演育程度。演育程度可分成兩種類型:(1)河川襲奪初期,僅有高位河河道分水嶺被切開,部分河流改道。(2)河川襲奪成熟期,有明顯的斷頭河、風口階地以及改向河,代表河川襲奪已步入成熟期。
瓦瑤溪、竹坑北坑及南勢埔坑各別位在大甲斷層、清水斷層與彰化活動斷層帶上,是侵蝕作用與斷層活動共同產生的地形。本研究透過航照判釋、野外實察、地形計測、構造地形指標等方法,揭露瓦瑤溪、竹坑北坑與南勢埔坑河川襲奪的機制、過程,以及它們在構造地形上的意義。研究結果顯示,瓦瑤溪、竹坑北坑及南勢埔坑流域均受來自東南東方應力影響,流域呈不對稱發育,活動構造持續向北或西北擴展造成河川襲奪。
The research area of this study is the Central Tablelands in Taiwan, which includes Houli, Tadu and Pakua Tablelands. It stretches over Taiwan’s youngest fold-and-thrust belt and features lithological homogeneity and time scale consistency, indicating that geomorphic evolution across the area is primarily controlled by structure. Studying river capture and landscape evolution in this area helps understand how active tectonics affect drainage evolution. Through interpretation of aerial photographs and field studies, patterns such as river capture and stream migration have been observed in the drainage systems in Houli, Tadu and Pakua Tablelands of the area. Pakua Tableland particularly has up to 65 beheaded valleys and 46 river captured catchments, topping the rest in the area. River captures by way of abstraction and headward erosion of beheading are actively taking place in the area. It is a common phenomenon that a beheaded river and a capturing river coexist in the same catchment. Based on the tectonic evidence of river captures in the Central Tablelands, including heights of beheaded rivers and wind gap terraces and watercourse states of diverted rivers, the degree to which these river captures have evolved can be inferred. There are two types of evolution. (1) In the early stage of a river capture, only the watershed in the course of a high-level river is cut open, resulting in partial river diversion. (2) In the maturity stage of a river capture, a beheaded river, a wind gap terrace and a diverted river have clearly formed, indicating that the river capture has entered its maturity stage.
The Wattsyao stream, Jhukengbei and Nanshihpo Ditches are located on the Tachia, Qingshui and Changhua faults, respectively, and are topographic features formed by erosion and faulty activity jointly. This study, using methods such as interpretation of aerial photographs, field studies, topographic measurement, and tectonic geomorphology indices, reveals river capture mechanisms in the Jhukengbei and Nanshihpo Ditches and their implications for tectonic geomorphology. Findings of this study show that the drainage basins of the Wattsyao stream, Jhukengbei and Nanshihpo Ditches are influenced by east-southeastern stress and have developed asymmetrically, and active tectonics continue to extend northward or northwestward, causing river captures.
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