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題名：產業組織治理對績效影響之研究:以事業廢棄物產業為例
作者：葉文芝 引用關係
作者(外文)：YEH, WEN-CHIH
校院名稱：國立臺北大學
系所名稱：不動產與城鄉環境學系
指導教授：曾明遜
李春長
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2018
主題關鍵詞：事業廢棄物產業；組織治理；夥伴關係；組織績效；關係績效；環境績效；industrial waste management industry；organization governance；partnership；organizational performance；relationship performance；environmental performance
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本研究以夥伴關係治理為核心，依據產業屬性進行組織間與組織內有關組織績效、關係績效與環境績效之分析並納入信任與承諾機制，闡釋事業廢棄物產業之組織治理過程並以實證研究分析之。調查對象以台灣「六都」合法公民營廢棄物清除與處理機構為主，以問卷方式調查。共發出1,000份問卷，回收550份，有效問卷539份，有效回收率為98%，採用結構方程模型(SEM)進行資料分析。
從組織間夥伴關係合作的角度，結合交易成本與資源依賴概念並以組織績效做為檢視標準。實證結果指出，交易成本提高容易阻礙夥伴關係的維持，企業對資源依賴性越低時則代表本身具有豐富的資源交易成本就會越低。當資源的來源處在不確定的狀況時，夥伴關係就不會維持長久合作關係。關係信任的彈性可以降低制度性任的僵化，有利組織資源的取得與權力分配。制度信任的僵化有時會阻礙夥伴關係的溝通。夥伴關係越緊密，可以促進目標達成而提升組織績效。
從組織內部正式控管與關係控管的角度，同時考慮信任與承諾對夥伴關係的影響並以關係績效作為評估標準。夥伴間的目標與期望有時是很難清楚表達的，當不確定性增加時，夥伴關係間的關係承諾就會產生動搖。關係控管具有彈性及修正能力能活化正式控管的僵性使夥伴間的目標更能達成而有助於關係承諾的提升。關係信任能改善因制度信任而產生僵化現象；制度信任的運作時當法律規範規定的越清楚時夥伴關係越有保障，但在商業運作時因其欠缺及時修正能力，而使夥伴間對彼此的關係承諾較不易落實。夥伴關係存在不對等的關係時就容易使關係承諾產生瓦解而降低關係績效。當夥伴關係間合作滿意，不但能達成彼此目標，更能有效降低成本，提高再合作的意願而使關係績效提升。
從組織外利害關係人對企業再生創新的角度，納入關係信任並以環境績效進行分析。實證結果指出再生創新需花費大量時間與資金，企業會評估自身條件對不同創新產品別而有所差異投入，往往這與利害關係人的要求不同而影響彼此的信任關係。另外，再生創新的意願易受外在環境的影響，所以作業績效的執行必須是動態的，對於不同產業類型須做出不同的作業模式。當環境管理績效能降低生產成本朝環境永續邁進時，就會促進再生創新的動力而獲得好的環境績效。
夥伴關係治理可以清楚瞭解產業組織間與組織內的運作情形，對績效的分析具有好的解釋力。資源的取得與分配、正式控管的彈性與再生創新能力對事業廢棄物產業而言是組織治理的重要關鍵，不但影響著組織間的交易行為，左右夥伴關係的信任與承諾，更是產業永續的命脈，影響績效的表現。
This study focused on partnership governance; carried out an analysis (based on industrial attributes) of organizational, relationship, and environmental performance at the inter-organizational and intra-organizational levels; and incorporated trust and commitment mechanisms to explain the industrial waste management industry's organization governance processes and perform an empirical analysis. A survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted among legitimate private and public waste treatment and disposal organizations in the six special municipalities of Taiwan. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 550 questionnaires were ultimately returned. Among those, an effective sample of 539 questionnaires was collected, for an effective recovery rate of 98%. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis.
The study explored the perspective of inter-organizational partnership cooperation by combining the concepts of transaction costs and resource dependence and by using organizational performance as the evaluation criteria. The empirical results indicated that an increase in transaction costs may easily impede the maintenance of partnerships, and that enterprises which are less dependent on resources (reflecting their ample resources) enjoy lower transaction costs. When resource sources were unstable, partnerships did not last long. Flexibility in relationship trust can reduce the "rigidization" of institutional trust and facilitate the acquisition of organizational resources, as well as the distribution of power. The "rigidization" of institutional trust can sometimes hinder communication in a partnership. A closer partnership can help the partners in question to meet their objectives and raise their organizational performance.
The study also looked at formal control and relational control at the intra-organizational level by concurrently considering the influence of trust and commitment on partnerships and using relationship performance as the evaluation criteria. It can sometimes be difficult to articulate the objectives and expectations that partners share, and in the event of increased uncertainty, the relationship commitment between partners will begin to waver. Relational governance is flexible and has the ability to correct a rigid partnership governed by formal control, thus allowing the partners in question to achieve their shared objectives and strengthen their relationship commitment. Relationship trust can alleviate the "rigidization" arising from institutional trust. With institutional trust, a partnership is more secure when legal regulations and norms are more clearly defined. However, the inability to make timely corrections during business operations can make it more difficult for partners to fulfill their relationship commitments. When a partnership becomes unequal, it is more likely that the partners' relationship commitment will not be upheld, which reduces relationship performance. When partners are satisfied with their cooperation, they can not only meet their objectives but also reduce costs effectively, which raises their willingness to cooperate again and improves their relationship performance.
With regard to the role of external stakeholders in corporate renewal and innovation, the study incorporated relationship trust and analyzed environmental performance. The empirical results indicated that a lot of time and funding is required for renewal and innovation, and that enterprises will evaluate their own conditions and invest accordingly in various innovative products. This is often carried out in a manner inconsistent with the demands of external stakeholders and thus affects the trust relationship that the two sides share. Furthermore, the willingness to engage in renewal and innovation is more easily influenced by the external environment; hence, the execution of operational performance must be dynamic and different modes of operation must be used for different industry types. When environmental management performance leads to lower production costs and contributes to environmental sustainability, it will drive renewal and innovation and bring about good environmental performance.
Partnership governance can be utilized to understand the operational state of organizations at the inter-organizational and intra-organizational levels. Moreover, it possesses good explanatory power when applied to performance analyses. For the industrial waste management industry, resource acquisition and allocation, the flexibility of formal control and renewal and innovation capabilities all play important roles in organization governance. They not only influence inter-organizational transactional behavior and determine the level of trust and commitment in partnerships, but are also crucial to the industry's sustainability and performance.
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