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題名:國內團體諮商研究之整合性分析: 以TSSCI期刊論文為例
作者:傅明俐
作者(外文):Fu,Ming-Li
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系
指導教授:張景然
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:團體諮商團體諮商研究整合性分析group counselinggroup counseling studyintegrative analysis
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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摘要
本研究蒐集國內廿多年來(1997年1月至2019年6月)臺灣社會科學引文索引(Taiwan Social Sciences Citation Index, TSSCI)收錄期刊所發表的研究論文,共計33篇團體研究論文作為分析素材;採用質性內容分析依不同層面:團體歷程、研究方法、團體主題、治療取向等進行分析以梳理出重要概念與現況闡述,並歸納出共同性的脈絡,希冀能提供投稿優質期刊的撰文參考架構。茲將重要結果發現分述如下:
壹、 團體歷程
一、 團體歷程以探討團體階段與治療性力量的研究居多;至於團體階段、團體動力的論文已從單一變項發展至兩個以上變項的探討;較少探討治療性力量彼此間的關係。
二、 有關團體動力的論文,以探討領導者的介入與成員互動為主;有關治療性力量的論文則以探討療效因子的研究最多。
三、 團體研究論文中,探討療效因子的量化取徑以量表施測,至於質性取徑則以深度訪談為主。
貳、 研究方法
一、 方法取向
團體研究論文以量化研究的實驗法居多,特別以準實驗設計為主;其次則是質性訪談佐以量化實驗的混合設計,而質性研究取向較少。
二、 測量評估
(一) 團體研究論文若採用量化的測量工具以問卷量表居多,質性工具則以訪談方式居多,訪談則包括採個別訪談或焦點團體訪談(focus group interview)的形式。
(二) 團體研究論文所使用的歷程評定量表主要有:改變階段量表、團體氣氛量表、自我揭露量表、團體療效因素量表等。
(三) 團體研究論文使用的量表以直接採用國外譯本及翻譯修訂國外譯本居多,使用自行編製的量表則最少;至於使用國外量表的論文僅有少數說明跨文化的常模。
三、 族群對象
(一) 團體研究論文以成員本身為研究對象最多;其次則是成員與重要他人(師長、父母、友人或主要照顧者)或成員與領導者。而成員的族群則以學生、社區人士的一般族群最多;最少則是老人或精神疾患等特殊族群。
(二) 團體研究論文的對象以學生或社區人士的一般族群為主,老人和特殊族群較少;歷程研究、歷程與效果研究的學生族群以大學生最多,而效果研究的學生族群以小學生最多。
(三) 團體研究論文的對象以女性成員參與團體為數比男性成員多,且多數論文未說明成員是否有參與過團體的經驗。
參、 團體主題
一、 團體研究論文的主題,學生族群多以自我成長、學習課業、情緒態度、人際互動等發展性主題居多;社區人士則以人際困擾、家庭關係、親子問題、壓力因應、等問題解決為主;老人則以自我統整、未竟事宜等發展性議題為主;特殊族群則以特定疾患的治療為主題。
二、 團體研究論文的主題,若是結構或半結構團體,其主題以成員適應相關的主題最多,主題聚焦在關係、人際的適應議題最多;至於非結構團體則主題往往不設限,以成員的發展相關的主題最多。
肆、 治療取向
一、 團體研究的治療取向,若屬於非結構團體則以人際取向為主;若是半結構或結構團體則以現實治療或認知行為取向居多;至於治療取向落實的確切性,團體方案仍缺少完整的修正機制(例如:成員回饋、同儕檢核、專家修正)。
二、 各個治療取向的精神和團體主題有其一定的適配性。
三、 大多數的治療取向所應用的主流對象以學生、社區人士為主,至於適合老人的治療取向有完形懷舊、藝術治療。
伍、 整體發現
一、 團體研究論文的團體結構性而言,歷程研究以非結構團體為主;而歷程與效果研究、效果研究則以結構或半結構團體為主。屬於非結構團體的研究往往未列出團體方案;而結構或半結構團體的研究則以列出團體方案為多數。
二、 團體研究論文的篇題在使用「成效研究」或「效果研究」的界定不一,為文一致性和確切性仍待檢討。
三、 團體研究論文篇題之英譯文「efficacy」和「effectiveness」在使用時,應留意研究設計是否為隨機分派試驗(randomized controlled trial,RCT)而作正確撰文翻譯。
根據研究結果,提出未來團體研究可發掘的研究方向,以及投稿期刊論文時可供參考之依據以利研究實務上的應用及相關建議。
關鍵字:團體諮商、團體諮商研究、整合性分析
In this study, 33 group research papers published in journals included in the Taiwan Social Sciences Citation Index (TSSCI) over the past 20 years (from January 1997 to June 2019) were collected as analysis materials. Using qualitative content analysis at different levels: group process, research methods, group topics, and treatment orientation, were analyzed to sort out important concepts and current situation, and conclude the common thread, aiming to provide a reference framework for contributing articles to quality journals. Important findings are summarized below:
1. Group process
(1) The study of group course is mainly focused on the study of group stage and therapeutic force. As for group stage and group dynamic, the paper has developed from discussion of a single variable to two or more variables. The relationship between therapeutic forces is less discussed.
(2) The paper on group dynamics mainly discusses the involvement of leaders and the interaction of members. Most of the papers on therapeutic force have looked at factors of healing efficacy.
(3) In the group study paper, the quantitative approach to explore the healing efficacy factors was measured by scale, while the qualitative approach was mainly measured by in-depth interview.
2. Research Methods
(1) Method of Orientation
Most of the group research papers are quantitative experiments, especially quasi-experimental design. The second is the mixed design of qualitative interview with quantitative experiment, but qualitative research orientation is less.
(2) Measurement Evaluation
I. In the case of group research papers, quantitative measurement tools are mostly questionnaires, while qualitative tools are mostly interviews, including individual interviews or focus group interviews.
II. The course rating scale used in group research papers mainly includes: change stage scale, group atmosphere scale, self-disclosure scale, group healing efficacy factor scale and so on.
III. Most of the scales used in group research papers were direct use of foreign translations and revision of foreign translations, while the use of self-developed scales was minimal. As for papers using foreign scales, there are only a few cross-cultural norms.
(3) Targeted Population
I. The research subjects of group research papers are the members themselves. Second, members and their important ones (teachers, parents, friends or primary caregivers) or members and leaders. However, the majority of the members are students and community members. At the very least, specific groups such as the elderly or mental disorders.
II. The subjects of group studies are mainly students or the general ethnic population of community people, but the elderly and specific groups are less. College students were the largest group of students in the course study, course, and effect, and primary school students were the largest group in the effect study.
III. The subjects of the group study papers were female members who participated in more groups than male members, and most of the papers did not indicate whether the members had experience in group participation.
3. Group Topics
(1) For the topic of a group study paper, the majority for students are regarding self-growth, learning, emotional attitude, interpersonal interaction and other developmental topics. For people in the community, they are mainly interpersonal problems, family relations, parent-child problems, stress coping, and other problems. As for the elderly, they focus on developmental issues such as self-integration and unfinished business. For specific groups, they focus on the treatment of specific diseases.
(2) For the topic of a group study paper, if it is a structured or semi-structured group, it has the largest number of topics whose members fit the relevant topic, the topic focuses mostly on relationship, interpersonal adaptation issues. As for non-structured groups, the topics tend to be open-ended, with the development of members being the most relevant.
4. Treatment Orientation
(1) For the therapeutic orientation of group study is mainly interpersonal orientation if it belongs to non-structured groups. In the case of semi-structured or structured groups, realistic therapy or cognitive behavioral orientation prevails. As for the exact implementation of treatment orientation, the group scheme still lacks a complete correction mechanism (e.g., member feedback, peer review, expert correction).
(2) The spiritual and group topics of each therapeutic orientation have their own adaptation.
(3) Most of the therapeutic orientations are mainly applied to students and community members, while those suitable for the elderly include gestalt reminiscence and art therapy.
5. Overall Findings
(1) In terms of the group structure of group research papers, the course research is mainly non-structural groups. The study of course and effect and effect is mainly structural or semi-structural group. Studies belonging to non-structured groups often do not list group schemes; In the case of structured or semi-structured groups, the majority of studies have listed group schemes.
(2) The definition of "efficacy study" or "effectiveness study" in the title of group research paper is different; for the consistency and accuracy of the paper, it remains to be reviewed.
(3) When using the English translations "efficacy" and "effectiveness", attention should be paid to whether the study design is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and correctly translated into articles.
Based on the results of the study, the author puts forward the research directions that can be explored in the future group study, and the basis for reference when submitting the journal paper to facilitate the application of the research practice and relevant suggestions.
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