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題名:團體諮商督導能力內涵之建構與量表發展
作者:陳嘉雯
作者(外文):CHEN,CHIA-WEN
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系
指導教授:張景然
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:團體諮商團體諮商督導督導能力量表編製偏最小平方法group counselinggroup counseling supervisionsupervision competencescale developmentPLS-SEM
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本研究旨在探究團體諮商督導能力內涵、編製一督導者能自評的團體諮商督導能力評量工具,並探討不同背景變項之督導者在量表上的調查與差異情形。
本研究首先以修正式德懷術專家調查方式,在諮商督導、團體諮商教學以及團體諮商帶領有豐富經驗的國內專家學者,以及實務工作者11位進行問卷調查。經三回合的意見取得共識,一位團體諮商督導者需要具備的內涵有(1)督導者核心素養能力:指的是跨機構、跨理論以及面對不同的受督者皆該具備的共同督導態度、技巧與專業共7個次構念和38個指標;以及(2)督導者特殊化能力:督導者針對受督者特定的專業所提供的督導功能與任務協助。在本研究此特定的專業係指團體諮商而言,督導者能協助受督者對團體諮商要素的掌握、歷程覺察、過程釐清及問題解決之知識、技巧與態度之協助的能力,共6個次構念和32個指標。
三回合德懷術專家所討論的團體諮商督導能力內涵,也是本研究量表的預試量表。本研究以有進行過團體諮商督導的督導者為對象,正式樣本100位,以本研究所編製的團體諮商督導能力量表為研究工具,全量表採用Likert六點量表計分,得分越高代表所自覺的團體諮商督導能力越高。本研究資料分別以項目分析、Cronbach's α、皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析、事後分析,以及結構方程模式之PLS-SEM統計方式進行資料分析,茲將研究結果摘要如下:
(一) 團體諮商督導能力量表總計70題。本量表又包含「督導者核心素養能力」分量表,其中又包含7個次分量表,共38題;「督導者特殊化能力」分量表,其中又包含6個次分量表,共32題。
(二) 團體諮商督導能力量表的總量表、分量表與次分量表其內部一致性信度,在正式量表樣本之Cronbach's α在 .76~ .96;CR值在 .87~ .97之間,本量表有不錯的內部一致性。
(三)團體諮商督導能力量表具有專家內容效度,總量表、分量表與次分量表在其AVE值皆大於 0.5,其因素負荷量值也都大於 .7,本量表具有良好的收斂效度;也具有可接受的區別效度;整體而言,整體模式解釋潛在變項程度良好。
(四)在背景變項的差異考驗上:
1.性別在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆無顯著差異。
2.不同服務單位督導者在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆無顯著差異。
3.不同專業背景督導者在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆無顯著差異。
4.督導年資在特殊化能力分量表有顯著差異,但在進行事後比較時呈現無組別間差異情形。
5. 團體諮商督導經驗在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆呈現顯著差異。在核心素養分量表中,有13次團體諮商督導經驗的督導者自評其督導能力優於1-4次者;在全量表與特殊化能力分量表有13次團體諮商督導經驗的督導者自評其督導能力優於1-4次與5-9次者。
6.學歷在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆呈現顯著差異,都是博士自評督導能力優於碩士。
7.帶領團體經驗在全量表、核心素養能力與特殊化能力分量表皆呈現顯著差異,在核心素養能力上,帶領團體超過13團體以上者優於無帶領團體經驗者。在全量表以及特殊化能力分量表帶領超過13團以上的督導者自評其督導能力優於無帶領團體經驗之督導者、優於帶1-3團和優於4-7團的督導者。
本研究根據研究結果,分別針對督導員訓練與督導工作,以及未來研究提出具體的
建議,供諮商輔導督導教學與教學、督導實務工作者和團體諮商訓練者參考。
The purpose of this study is to explore the connotation of group counseling competences, to develop a self-assessment tool for supervision of group counseling competences, and to explore the survey of the scale as well as the supervisior with different background variables.
This study conducted a survey by means of Modified Delphi Technique of 11 experts and scholars with rich experience in group counseling supervision, group counseling teaching, and group counseling leadership.
After three rounds of Modified Delphi Technique discussion reached a consensus that a group counseling supervisor needs to have the following connotations: (1) The supervisor's core competences: it refers to the common supervisory profession that cross-organization, cross-theory, and different supervisors should have. The subscale has 7 sub-constructs and 38 indicators;(2) The supervisor's specific competences: it refers to the supervisory function and task assistance for the specific profession of the supervisee. In this study, the specific profession refers to the supervisor's ability to assist the supervisees(the leadership of group counselimg) with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of group counseling elements, process awareness, and problem solving. The subscale has 6 sub-constructs and 32 indicators.
The connotation of group counseling competences discussed by the three rounds of Delphi technigues is also the context of pre-test scale . This study with a formal participants of 100 group counseling supervisiors.
The Group Counseling Supervision Scale is scored by the Likert six-point. The higher the value, the higher the group counseling supervision competences. The data were analyzed by item analysis, Cronbach's α, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc analysis, and PLS-SEM.
The results are as follows:
(一) A total of 70 questions on the Group Counseling Supervision Scale. This scale also includes the subscale of supervisor's core competences ", which contains 7 subscales with a total of 38 items; the supervisor's specific competences subscale, which contains 6 subscales with a total of 32 items .
(二) This scale has good internal consistency .The Cronbach's alpha of the total scale and subscales of the Group Counseling Supervision Scale is from .76 to .96; the value of Composite Reliability (CR) is from .87 to . 97.
(三) The Group Counseling Supervision Scale has good expert content validity. The AVE values of the total scale and subscales are all greater than 0.5, and their factor loading are all greater than 0.7. This scale has good convergent validity; also has acceptable discriminant validity; overall, the overall model explains the underlying variables well.
(四) The results of difference background variables are as follows:
1. As for the influence of gender, there is no significant difference in in the full scale and subscales.
2. As for the influence of different service units, there is no significant difference in the full scale and subscales.
3. As for the influence of supervisors with different professional backgrounds, there is no significant difference in full dimension.
4. There are significant differences in supervisory experience in the specific competences subscale, but there is no difference between groups in the post-hoc comparison.
5. The supervision of group counseling experience showed significant differences in the full scale and subscales. Specific competences subscale, supervisors with 13 supervision of group experiences self-assessed that their supervision ability was better than the experiences with 1-4 times; in the full scale and specific competences subscale, the supervisors who had 13 supervision of group experiences, the self-assessment of their supervision ability is better than the experiences with 1-4 times and the 5-9 times.
6. The academic qualifications showed significant differences in the full scale and subscales. The supervision ability of doctoral degree is better than that of master degree.
7. The experiences of leading counseling groups shows significant differences in the full scale and subscale. In terms of core competences subscale, those who have led a group with more than 13 groups are better than those who have no experience in leading a group. Supervisors who lead more than 13 groups on the full scale and the specific subscale self-assess their ability to supervise better than those with no experience in leading groups, better than those with 1-3 groups, and better than those with 4-7 groups.
Finally, according to the research results, discussions and suggestions were proposed for the supervisor training and supervisiors.
Key words:group counseling、group counseling supervision、supervision competence、scale development、PLS-SEM 、Delphi Technique
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