The era of the Late Ming and Early Qing was a crucial one in the history of China. Important changes occurred in many aspects of society and government. These changes were driven partly by the introduction of Western knowledge by Christian missionaries. However, the missionaries aimed primarily to promote their religion; their basic concern was how best to introduce Christianity to China. Surrounded by a Chinese populace deeply influenced by Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism, the Jesuits had to find a way to spread the message of Christianity. Having decided to accommodate their teachings to the upper echelon of society, the missionaries assiduously searched the ancient Chinese classics--especially the Four Books and the Book of Changes-to find statements and texts compatible with Christian doctrine. Fundamentally, they attempted to find “evidence” in the classics that the Chinese people in fact recognized one true God and that all the main Christian doctrines were present in the classics, though they may have been lost or forgotten in later ages. Some “Figurists” even believed that the Chinese classics contained messages from God that were lost even to the Western world. In this essay, we attempt to trace the thought and actions of the Jesuits of the late Ming and Early Qing, such as M. Ricci, J. Bouvet, and J. Premare, in the hope of better understanding the historical significance of their efforts.