從美國平權修正案的爭議看男女平權和母親角色__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

:::

詳目顯示

第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆

/1頁

來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料

題名：	從美國平權修正案的爭議看男女平權和母親角色
書刊名：	女學學誌：婦女與性別研究
作者：	俞彥娟
作者(外文)：	Yu, Yen-chuan
出版日期：	2004
卷期：	18
頁次：	頁109-154
主題關鍵詞：	平權修正案；母親角色；平等；差異；母職；女性主義；Equal rights amendment；Motherhood；Equality；Difference；Feminism
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:203

二十世紀美國女性主義者推動平權修正案 (Equal Rights Amendment, ERA)，禁止美國政府法令用性別的理由歧視女性，目的是消除性別歧視，理應受到女性歡迎，但平權修正案卻遭到挫敗，而且，有相當多的女性反對。為什麼有那麼多美國女性反對平權修正案呢？女性反對平權修正案的原因很多，因種族、階級、教育、宗教、經濟等背景而不同。本文目的並不在分析女性反對平權修正案各種可能原因，而是希望從平權修正案反對者的論點中，探討他們對傳統母親角色觀點的堅持。再回過頭來，評論美國女性主義者的新母親角色觀。我認為性別角色 (母親角色) 是反對者焦慮重要原因之一。本論文以平權修正案爭議最激烈期間 (1972-1982) 的辯論為主要素材，分析支持者和反對者有關男女平權、女權和母親角色的論點，希望能 (1) 瞭解反對者對平權修正案的疑慮；(2) 呈現女性主義者新母親角色的內涵以及其發展；(3) 從反對者的批評出發，檢討女性主義者新母親角色觀的弱點和缺失，尤其探討男女平權和母親角色之間可能存在的不相容性。前言之後，本文分為三部分。首先，簡介平權修正案發展歷史和早期的爭議。其次，分析平權修正案反對者的論點和女性主義者的回應 (response) 與反駁 (rebuttal)。再者，討論第二波美國婦女運動對傳統母親角色的批判和提出的新母親角色。本文的結論是，女性主義者用男女無差異的男女平權觀點無法徹底和完整地探討母親角色的問題。

以文找文

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), advocated by second wave feminists in America in the late 20th century, aimed to eradicate sexual discrimination in American laws. However, it was opposed by many women and consequently defeated in 1982 after 10 years of serious campaign. Why did those people oppose such a constitutional amendment which seemed to enhance women's status and treatment? This article suggests that one of the major anxieties of those women who opposed the ERA is the anxiety over motherhood. Investigating and analyzing debates between the supporters and opponents of the ERA between 1972 and 1982, I am concerned with the following questions. First, I seek to understand the opponents' fear and anxiety over the ERA. Secondly, I wi1l review the content and development of the feminist version of motherhood. Thirdly, starting with the opponents' criticism, 1 will investigate the weakness and inadequacy of feminist concept of motherhood with a particular focus on what some feminists deemed as the possible incompatibility between the concepts of equal rights and motherhood. This essay is divided into five parts. After the Introduction,1 briefly introduce the history of the ERA in section 2. Then I analyze opponents' criticism on the ERA as well as feminists' response and rebuttal in terms of motherhood in section 3. In section 4, I discuss feminist criticism of the traditional motherhood and their new version of motherhood. The final section concludes that feminist concept of equal rights based on sameness (no difference) between men and women had not derived a theory of motherhood comprehensively.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Welter, Barbara(1966)。The Cult of True Womanhood, 1820-1860。American Quarterly，18(2)，151-174。
2.	Offen, Karen(1988)。Defining Feminism: A Comparative Historical Approach。Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society，14(1)，119-157。
3.	Chappell, M.(2002)。Rethinking women‘s politics in the 1970s: The League of Women Voters and the National Organization for Women confront poverty。Journal of Women's History，13(4)，155-179。
4.	Ruddick, Sara(1980)。Maternal Thinking。Feminist Studies，6(2)，342-367。
5.	Snitow, Ann(1992)。Feminism and Motherhood: An American Reading。Feminist Review，40，32-51。
6.	Bloch, Ruth H.(1978)。American Feminine Ideals in Transition: The Rise of the Moral Mother, 1785-1815。Feminist Studies，4，101-126。
7.	Morgan, R.(1975)。Rights to passage。Ms.，9，74-98。
8.	Murray, P.(1970)。Women‘s liberation child care demands and their opposition。The turn of the screwed，1(5)，4-7。
9.	Nice, D. C.(1986)。State opposition to the equal rights amendment: Protectionism, subordination, or privatization?。Social Science Quarterly，67，315-328。
10.	Alpert, J.(1973)。Mother right: A new feminist theory。MS，8，52-94。
11.	Cott, Nancy F.(1984)。Feminist politics in the 1920s: The National Women‘s Party。The Journal of American History，71，43-68。
12.	Graham, G.(1988)。Two types of feminism。American Philosophical Quarterly，25(4)，303-312。
13.	Klatch, R. E.(1988)。Coalition and conflict among women of the new right。Signs，13(4)，671-694。
14.	Klatch, R. E.(2001)。The formation of feminist consciousness among left-and right-wing activists of the 1960s。Gender and Society，15(6)，791-815。
15.	Pogrebin, Letty Cottin(1973)。Motherhood。Ms.，5，47-51。
16.	Rossi, A. S.(1977)。A biosocial perspective on parenting。Dedalus，106(2)，1-31。
17.	Sealander, J.(1982)。Feminist against feminist: The first phase of the Equal Rights Amendment debate, 1923-1963。The South Atlantic Quarterly，81，147-161。
18.	Stacey, J.(1983)。The new conservative feminism。Feminist Studies，9(3)，559-583。

圖書
1.	Wandersee, Winifred D.(1988)。On the move: American women in the 1970s。On the move: American women in the 1970s。Boston。
2.	Umansky, Lauri(1996)。Motherhood reconceived: Feminism and the legacies of the sixties。Motherhood reconceived: Feminism and the legacies of the sixties。New York：New York University Press。
3.	Chafe, Wallace(1991)。The paradox of change: American women in the 20th century。New York。
4.	Rosen, Ruth(2000)。The world split open: How the modern women‘s movement changed America。New York。
5.	Cott, Nancy F.(1977)。The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835。Yale University Press。
6.	Hole, Judith、Levine, Ellen(1971)。Rebirth of Feminism。New York：Quadrangle Books。
7.	May, Elaine Tyler(1988)。Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era。New York。
8.	Weiner, Lynn Y.(1985)。From Working Girl to Working Mother: The Female Labor Force in the United States, 1820-1980。Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press。
9.	Lunardini, Christine A.(1986)。From equal suffrage to equal rights: Alice Paul and the National Woman‘s Party, 1910-1928。New York。
10.	Becker, Susan D.(1981)。The origins of the Equal Rights Amendment: American feminism between the wars。Westport, Conn.。
11.	Davis, Flora(1999)。Moving the Mountain: The Women’s Movement in America Since 1960。New York。
12.	Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher(1980)。Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750。New York。
13.	Kerber, Linda K.(1980)。Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America。Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press。
14.	Hoff, Joan(1991)。Law, Gender, and Injustice: A Legal History of U. S. Women。New York。
15.	Hewlett, Sylvia Ann(1986)。A Lesser Life: the Myth of Women’s Liberation in America。New York。
16.	Degler, Carl N.(1980)。At Odds: Women and the Family in America from the Revolution to the Present。At Odds: Women and the Family in America from the Revolution to the Present。New York。
17.	Mansbridge, J.(1986)。Why We Lost The ERA。Chicago：University of Chicago。
18.	Miller, Jean Baker(1976)。Toward a new psychology of women。Boston, Massachusetts：Beacon Press。
19.	Evans, Sara M.(1989)。Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America。New York：Free Press。
20.	Friedan, B.(1963)。The feminine mystique。New York：Dell：W.W. Norton。
21.	Friedan, Betty(1981)。The Second Stage。New York：Summit Books。
22.	Rich, Adrienne Cecile(1986)。Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution。W. W. Norton & Co.。
23.	Rupp, Leila J.(1982)。The Survival of American Feminism: The Women’s Movement in the Postwar Period。Reshaping America: Society and Institutions, 1945-1960。Columbus, Ohio。
24.	Mathews, D. G.、De Hart, J. S.(1990)。Sex, gender, and the politics of ERA。Sex, gender, and the politics of ERA。New York。
25.	Mintz, S.、Kellogg, S.(1988)。Domestic revolutions: A social history of American family life。Domestic revolutions: A social history of American family life。New York。
26.	Morgan, R.(1970)。Sisterhood is powerful: An anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement。New York：Vintage Books。
27.	New York Radical Women(1969)。Notes from the first year。Notes from the first year。New York。
28.	Oakley, A.(1974)。Woman‘s work: The housewift, past and present。Woman‘s work: The housewift, past and present。New York。
29.	Abarbanel, A.(1972)。Redefining motherhood。The future of the family。New York。
30.	Alpert, J.(1981)。Growing up underground。Growing up underground。New York。
31.	Berry, M. F.(1986)。The ERA failed: Politics, women‘s rights, and the amending process of the constitution。The ERA failed: Politics, women‘s rights, and the amending process of the constitution。Bloomington, In。
32.	Chesler, Phyllis(1979)。With child: A diary of motherhood。With child: A diary of motherhood。New York。
33.	Congress to United Women(1970)。What women want: For Starters。Notes form the second year。New York。
34.	Cott, Nancy F.(1987)。The grounding of modern feminist。The grounding of modern feminist。New Haven。
35.	Cott, Nancy F.(1990)。Historical perspectives: The Equal Rights Amendment conflict in the 1920s。Conflicts in Feminism。London/New York。
36.	Deckard, Barbara Sinclair(1979)。The Women's Movement: Political, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Issues。The Women's Movement: Political, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Issues。New York。
37.	Diggins, J. P.(1988)。The proud decades: America in war and in peace, 1941-1960。The proud decades: America in war and in peace, 1941-1960。New York。
38.	Feldstein, R.(2000)。Motherhood in black and white: Race and sex in American liberalism, 1930-1965。Motherhood in black and white: Race and sex in American liberalism, 1930-1965。London。
39.	Felsenthal, C.(1981)。The sweetheart of the silent majority: The biography of Phyllis Schlafly。The sweetheart of the silent majority: The biography of Phyllis Schlafly。New York。
40.	Firestone, S.、Koedt, A.(1970)。Notes from the second year。Notes from the second year。New York。
41.	Friedan, Betty(1976)。"It Changed My Life": Writings on the Women’s Movement。"It Changed My Life": Writings on the Women’s Movement。Cambridge, Massachusetts。
42.	Friedan, Betty(1973)。Sexual suicide。Sexual suicide。New York。
43.	Klatch, R. E.(1980)。Women of the new right。Women of the new right。Philadelphia。
44.	Koedt, A.、Firestone, S.(1971)。Notes from the third year。Notes from the third year。New York。
45.	Laughlin, Kathleen A.(2000)。Women‘s work and public policy: A history of the Women‘s Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, 1945-1970。Women‘s work and public policy: A history of the Women‘s Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, 1945-1970。Boston。
46.	Lazarre, J.(1976)。The mother knot。The mother knot。New York。
47.	Schlafly, P.(1964)。A choice not an echo。A choice not an echo。Alton, Ill.。
48.	Schlafly, P.(1972)。What‘s wrong with "equal rights" for women?。The Phyllis Schlafly report。
49.	Schlafly, P.(1972)。The right to be a woman。The Phyllis Schlafly report。
50.	Schlafly, P.(1977)。The power of the positive woman。The power of the positive woman。New York。
51.	Steiner, G. Y.(1985)。Constitutional inequality: The political fortunes of the equal Rights Amendment。Constitutional inequality: The political fortunes of the equal Rights Amendment。Washington, D. C.。
52.	Tanner, Leslie B.(1970)。Voices from women's liberation。Voices from women's liberation。New York。
53.	Young, Louise M.(1989)。In the public interest: The League of Women Voters, 1920-1970。In the public interest: The League of Women Voters, 1920-1970。New York。

其他
1.	Ayres, B. D., Jr.(1975)。Ervin Folksines is aimed at E. R. A.。
2.	Greenhouse, L.(1974)。Women‘s rights: Federal and state amendment face trouble。
3.	(1978)。League of Women Voters to spend 1 million in Equal-Rights campaign。
4.	Pincus, J. H.(1971)。Letter to the editor: Rights amendment: Is it constructive?。
5.	Shabecoff, P.(1973)。Meany assails Nixon in speech opening A. F. L.-C. I. O. Session。
6.	Shanahan, E.(1970)。Women unions back equal rights plan: doctor alleges unnecessary surgery by men。
7.	Shanahan, E.(1970)。Opposition rises to amendment on equal rights。
8.	Shanahan, E.(1973)。Rights plan goes called devious。
9.	Shanahan, E.(1976)。Rights amendment fore charge plot on children。

推文
推薦
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
轉寄

top

:::

相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱

1.	婦女／性別研究的學術架構
2.	障礙與性別的交織：探討小兒麻痺女性母職經驗
3.	多元民族共和的平等與差異--原住民族特殊群體權利的若干思考
4.	我的孩子「不正常」？--障礙兒童母親的母職歷程初探
5.	多面向的母親：流行育兒雜誌與母親角色的社會建構
6.	差異、平等與多元文化：眷村保存的個案研究
7.	一個勞動階級都市原住民女性的母職生活經驗--妊命、認命、訒命與韌命的歷程
8.	'Marriage is More than Just a Piece of Paper': Feminist Critiques of Same Sex Marriage
9.	普通班中障礙學生的同儕關係：融合與隔離的差異觀
10.	論黃碧雲〈無愛紀〉之情慾主體建構與母職解構
11.	從女性主義觀點解讀親子衝突歷程中的母職經驗--以一位家有青少年子女的母親為例
12.	托育：美國第二波婦女運動女性主義者的理念與實踐
13.	從差異邁向和諧：一種超越性別的整全人文主義之建構
14.	「每個議題都是女性議題」--美國女選民聯盟的女性主義, 1960-1974
15.	“多元文化”的修辭、政治和理論

1.	在子女成年背影中，回首職業婦女的母職來時路― 中年職業婦女母職生活經驗之研究
2.	家有青少年子女的母親於親子衝突歷程中母職經驗之敘事研究

1.	《寒夜三部曲》中客家女性處境之探究：以葉燈妹為例

無相關著作

無相關點閱

QR Code

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

詳目顯示

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫