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題名：托育：美國第二波婦女運動女性主義者的理念與實踐
書刊名：女學學誌：婦女與性別研究
作者：俞彥娟
作者(外文)：Yu, Yen-chuan
出版日期：2008
卷期：25
頁次：頁1-43
主題關鍵詞：美國婦女運動；女性主義；托育；母親角色；兒童完全發展法案；American women’s movement；Feminism；Day care；Motherhood；The Comprehensive Child Development Act
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:29
  • 點閱點閱:47
雖然托育是第二波美國婦女運動的重要訴求，婦運之後的10年代美國女性的工作與家庭兩難，並沒有獲得解決，美國在提供托育方面，比其他西方已開發國家落後許多。爲什麼美國沒有像其他國家一樣，發展全面性公共托育政策？其癥結在哪裡？第二波婦女運動與此癥結有何關係？本文研究第二波美國婦女運動女性主義者對托育的努力以及評析其對美國托育政策發展的影響。首先從女性主義者要求托育的動機、理由，以及托育內容，來瞭解第二波婦女運動女性主義者的托育理念和實踐；其次分析婦運期間美國社會中支持和反對公共托育力量的來源與相互角力，以及兒童完全發展法案(the Comprehensive Child Development Act)的意義；最後評析女性主義者在托育方面的努力對於美國托育系統建立、托育立法、和傳統母親角色觀念的影響。本文檢視10年代和10年代婦女運動時期，女性主義個人和團體提出的論述和建議以及從事的實際行動，來分析女性主義者的托育理想以及托育在女性主義母親角色中的意義。主要史料是微捲資料Herstory，收有第二波婦女運動團體出版的期刊、通訊、手冊、以及宣傳品等。另外輔以女性主義者的自傳、回憶錄或傳記、報章雜誌（如New York Times 和Washington Post）和女性主義雜誌（如Ms. 和Off Our Backs），以及其他相關研究。
Although advocating universal public daycare was an important issue in second-wave American feminism, the campaign was not as successful as others. In the 10s, America lagged behind most other developed western countries in providing public child care. Why did the United States not establish a public child care policy? Did feminist theories and practices of day care have anything to do with this outcome? Drawing from material published by feminists and women's movement organizations, this article first examines the motivation and justification for day care advocacy in order to understand feminist theories and practices. Secondly, it briefly traces the history of day care in the U.S., and clarifies the social origins of the proponents and opponents of government-supported universal public day-care services. It also analyzes the impact of President Nixon's veto of the Comprehensive Child Development Act 11 on the future development of child care policy. Finally, it evaluates the effect feminists had on the development of a national day-care system and daycare legislation, as well as on the traditional ideologies of child care, motherhood, and family. The primary source used in this article is a microfilm collection of Herstory, which contains periodicals, newsletters, and pamphlets published by women's groups, contemporary newspapers (such as New York Times and Washington Post), feminist magazines (Ms. and Off Our Backs), and feminists' biographies, autobiographies, and memoirs.
期刊論文
1.Baxandall, R.(1970)。Cooperative nurseries。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(3)，44-46。  new window
2.Baxandall, R.(1971)。City money for nursery-schools now available。Woman's World，1(1)，6-7。  new window
3.(1970)。Caution: Abortion may be genocidal。It Ain 't Me Babe，1(9)，9。  new window
4.Creamer, D.、Booth, H.(1972)。Chicago Action Committee for Decent Childcare。Women: A Journal of Liberation，2(4)，7-9。  new window
5.Davis, S.(1972)。YAWF women's national day care survey: Wanted: Quality child care for all。Battle Acts，2(5)，4-5+10-11。  new window
6.Driscoll, C.(1970)。The abortion problem。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(2)，6-9。  new window
7.(1971)。The Working Mother: The Voice of Mothers' and Children's Liberation。Editorial，1(1)，1。  new window
8.(1969)。Editorial: What do you women want?。No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation，2，4-12。  new window
9.Gates, S.(1973)。Mommies & others: Living with children in a women's liberation collective household。Momma，1(8)，10-13。  new window
10.Gordon, L.(1970)。Functions of the family. Women: A。Journal of Liberation，1(2)，20-23。  new window
11.Gross, L.、MacEwan, P.(1970)。On day care。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(2)，26-29。  new window
12.Harding, S.(1981)。Family reform movements: Recent feminism and its opposition。Feminist Studies，7(1)，57-75。  new window
13.Leech, D.(1972)。Child care: Yesterday and today。Battle Acts，2(5)，2-3。  new window
14.Leghorn, L.(1970)。Child-care for the child。No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation，4，26-30。  new window
15.MacEwan. P.(1970)。Day care centers-Profit-making business?。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(4)，42-43。  new window
16.Marcia & Norma(1971)。The children's house。Off Our Backs，1(17)，8-9。  new window
17.McKain, B. M.(1970)。Building extended families。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(2)，24-25。  new window
18.Mitchell, G.(1972)。Children's March。Battle Acts，2(3)，6-26。  new window
19.Muncy, R.(2000)。The citizenship of mothers in the United States。Journal of Women's History，11(4)，157-165。  new window
20.Murray, P.(1970)。Women's liberation child care demands and their opposition。The Turn of the Screwed，1(5)，4-7。  new window
21.(1973)。Notes on becoming "mother"。Ain't I a Woman，3(2/3)，18。  new window
22.Peggy(1970)。On a clear day. It Ain't。Me Babe，1(4)，8。  new window
23.Reese, E.(1996)。Matemalism and political mobilization: How California's postwar child care campaign was won。Gender & Society，10(55)，566-589。  new window
24.Roberston, B.(1972)。MOMMA: The organization for single mothers。Momma，1(1)。  new window
25.Schmid, M.(1969)。Sex roles and survival。Women: A Journal of Liberation，1(1)，7。  new window
26.Shanley, M. L.(2001)。Public policy and the ethics of care。Hypatia，16(3)，157-160。  new window
27.Sigal, R.(1970)。The pill: An ironic liberation. Women: A。Journal of Liberation，1(2)，10-13。  new window
28.Stoll, J.(1972)。Toddlers fight for day care。Battle Acts，2(2)，27。  new window
29.Zirker, P.(1970)。The politics of day care。Off Our Backs，1(9/10)，8。  new window
30.馮燕(19960900)。我國托育政策的展望。理論與政策，10(4)=40，111-130。new window  延伸查詢new window
31.俞彥娟(20031200)。美國婦女史研究中的「母親角色」。近代中國婦女史研究，11，189-214。new window  延伸查詢new window
32.俞彥娟(20020600)。女性主義者對母親角色的批判--波娃和傅瑞丹。成大西洋史集刊，10，311-337。  延伸查詢new window
33.俞彥娟(20041200)。美國第二波婦女運動歷史研究之回顧：兼評王雅各《臺灣婦女解放運動史》(臺北市：巨流出版, 1999)。女學學誌，18，215-237。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.Ruddick, Sara(1980)。Maternal Thinking。Feminist Studies，6(2)，342-367。  new window
35.Snitow, Ann(1992)。Feminism and Motherhood: An American Reading。Feminist Review，40，32-51。  new window
36.(1974)。Editorial: Uniting and Conquering。Off Our Backs: The Feminist Newsjournal，4(2)，1。  new window
圖書
1.Wandersee, Winifred D.(1988)。On the Move: American Women in the 1970s。Boston：Twayne Publishers。  new window
2.Fox-Genovese, E.(1996)。"Feminism is not the story of my life": How today's feminist elite has lost touch with the real concerns of women。New York：Doubleday。  new window
3.Friedan, B.(2000)。Life so far: A memoir。New York：Simon and Schuster。  new window
4.Harrington, M.(1999)。Care and equality: Inventing a new family politics。New York：Knopf。  new window
5.Hewlett, S. A.(1986)。A lesser life: The myth of women's liberation in America。New York：Warner Books。  new window
6.Michel, S.(1999)。Children's interests/mother's rights: The shaping of America's child care policy。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
7.Oakley, A.(1976)。Woman's work: The housewife, past and present。New York：Vintage Books。  new window
8.Rose, E.(1999)。A mother's job: The history of day-care, 1890-1960。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
9.Rubin, N.(1984)。The mother mirror: How a generation of women is changing motherhood in America。New York：G. P. Putnam's Sons。  new window
10.Ruzek, S. B.(1978)。The women's health movement: Feminist alternatives to medical control。New York：Praeger。  new window
11.Steiner, G. Y.(1976)。The children's cause。Washington, D.C：The Brookings Institution。  new window
12.Stoltzfus, E.。Citizen, mother, worker: Debating public responsibility for child care after the Second World War。Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press。  new window
13.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics(1978)。Handbook for Labor Statistics。Washington, D.C.：U.S Government Printing Office。  new window
14.Women's History Research Center(1972)。Herstory。Wooster, OH：Micro Photo Division, Bell & Howard.。  new window
15.Umansky, Lauri(1996)。Motherhood reconceived: Feminism and the legacies of the sixties。Motherhood reconceived: Feminism and the legacies of the sixties。New York：New York University Press。  new window
16.Hole, Judith、Levine, Ellen(1971)。Rebirth of Feminism。New York：Quadrangle Books。  new window
17.Weiner, Lynn Y.(1985)。From Working Girl to Working Mother: The Female Labor Force in the United States, 1820-1980。Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press。  new window
18.Echols, Alice(1989)。Daring to be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975。Minneapolis, Minnesota：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
19.Chodorow, Nancy(1978)。The Reproduction of Mothering: Psycho analysis and the Sociology of Gender。University of California Press。  new window
20.Jaggar, Alison M.(1983)。Feminist Politics and Human Nature。Rowman & Littlefield Publishers。  new window
21.Friedan, B.(1963)。The feminine mystique。New York：Dell：W.W. Norton。  new window
22.Deckard, B. S.(1979)。The Women's Movement: Political, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Issues。N.Y.：Harper and Row。  new window
23.Rich, Adrienne Cecile(1986)。Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution。W. W. Norton & Co.。  new window
24.Humm, M.(1995)。The Dictionary of Feminist Theory。Prentice Hall/ Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
25.Kittay, Eva Feder(1999)。Love's Labor: Essays on Women, Equality, and Dependency。Routledge。  new window
26.Firestone, Shulamith(1970)。The Dialectic of Sex: The Case For Feminist Revolution。New York：Bantam Books。  new window
27.Davis, Flora(1991)。Moving the Mountain: The Women’s Movement in America Since 1960。New York：Simon & Schuster。  new window
28.Morgan, R.(1970)。Sisterhood is powerful: An anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement。New York：Vintage Books。  new window
圖書論文
1.Baxandall, R.(1998)。Catching the fire。The feminist memoir project: Voices from women s liberation。New York：Three Rivers Press。  new window
2.Bunch-Weeks, C.(1970)。A broom of one's own: Notes on the women's liberation program。New women。New York：Bobbs-Merrill。  new window
3.Cisler, L.(1970)。Unfinished business: Birth control and women's liberation。Sisterhood is powerful: An anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement。New York：Vintage Books。  new window
4.Joffe, C.(1983)。Why the United States has no child child-care policy。Families, politics, and public policy: A feminist dialogue on women and the state。New York：Longman。  new window
5.National Organization for Women(1970)。Bill of rights。Sisterhood is powerful: An anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement。New York：Vintage Books。  new window
6.National Organization for Women(1998)。Statement of purpose。"It changed my life”: Writings on the women's movement。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
7.王淑英、賴幸媛(1997)。台灣的托育困境與國家的角色。女性、國家、照顧工作。台北：女書文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Tanner, Leslie B.(1971)。Voices from women's liberation。New York：New American Library。  new window
 
 
 
 
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