There are two systems of musical scores in Kun opera. One system is the literati tradition which rigorously matches musical notation to the sound and tone of each character to produce scores for “pure-singing” scripts. These scripts record only the arias and not the dialogue or action. Surviving examples for The Peony Pavilion include Feng Qifeng’s 9 woodblock printed edition, The Intoning Fragrance Hall Musical Score of the Peony Pavilion(Yin Xiangtang Mudanting Qupu) in scenes, and Ye Tang’s 9 woodblock printed edition, The Complete Musical Scores of the Pony Pavilion for the Bookcase (Nashuying Mudanting Quanpu) in scenes. These scores denote only the rhythmic downbeats and not the weak beats, thereby facilitating melodic improvisation by knowledgeable amateurs. The second system consists of the scores for performance scripts, which are based upon the stage wisdom accumulated by the commercial Kun opera actors. One surviving example includes The Musical Scores of Peony Pavilion (Mudanting Qupu) in scenes, which was transmitted down over multiple generations of performers and preserved by the actor Yin Guishen, a performer with the late-Qing Suzhou ensemble, “Great Elegance Troupe” (Daya ban). These scores, which include full notation of arias, dialogue, and stage directions, were published in 9 by Shanghai Chaoji Bookstore in lithograph edition. When compared with other editions, the Nashuying scores come relatively close to performance practice, and to this day still have considerable practical use. And yet, the scores transmitted by Yin Guishen in The Musical Scores of Peony Pavilion reflect the actual circumstances of commercial performance (stage editions); the scores for these scripts are complete, including full rhythmic and melodic notation of the downbeats as well as the upbeats-thus providing a complete guide to singing and performance. By comparing the Nashuying Musical Scores with The Eyunge Musical Scores (Eyunge Qupu), we can see that The Musical Scores of Peony Pavilion edition reflects the creative processes of on-stage performance, informed by what works in performance. These scripts capture actors’ adaptations of certain scenes from the original Peony Pavilion such as addition and embellishments in the scenes “Heaped Blossoms” (Dui hua) and “The Daoist Ceremony” (Dao chang), or abridgments and cuts in the song suites of the scenes “Pursuing the Dream” (Xun meng) “the Soul’ s Departure” (Li hun), and “Calling the Portrait” (Jiao hua), all of which are an expression of the high achievements of performers’ additional creative process (erdu chuangzuo). From all of this, we can see that, ever since Ming times, the practices of fixing musical scores for Kun opera have never been set in stone. Rather, musical melody has undergone a process of development and change in light of this tradition.