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題名：三～六歲幼兒對生物本質的認知：內在結構、固有潛質、身分穩定性
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：莊麗娟 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chuang, Li-chuan
出版日期：2009
卷期：51:1
頁次：頁1-19
主題關鍵詞：天真生物學；心理本質論；內在結構；固有潛質；身分穩定性；Innate potential；Naive biology；Psychological essentialism；The constancy of identity；Underlying structure
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:14
  • 點閱點閱:67
本研究目的主要在探測三六歲幼兒的天真生物學：檢視幼兒是否能辨識生物的「內在結構」「固有潛質」與「身分穩定性」？擁有抽象的期望架構？研究者調整晚近發展心理學者的研究設計以較深入的方式追蹤72名3~6歲幼兒在各概念間的推理機制。研究結果發現，幼兒的因果思考，超越先前評估，具有較佳的潛力3~4歲為萌發期。(1)3歲已能推測生物的內在結構，知悉動物、植物與機器內在的差異，及至5歲此能力大致成熟；(2)4歲已能感知生物的固有潛質，有效預測剛出生生物的發展傾向，唯對於植物種子的發展傾向的，6歲時才有成熟的認知；(3)3歲已能理解生物的身分具穩定性，即使強行改變外觀，仍無法改變其本質，及至6歲，此能力大致成熟。整體而言在生物學的因果推理中，幼兒出現「由抽象而具體」的心理本質論思維。
This study explored the naive biology among 3-to 6- year-olds and examined their understanding of the underlying structure, innate potential and the constant identity of life being. Through the investigation of current research design of the developmental psychology, researcher traced the reasoning mechanism of the different conceptions among seventy two 3-to 6-year-old children more deeply. The results showed that young children's ability of causal thinking was beyond the estimation of previous researches and 3-to 4-year-olds had an emerging understanding of life being: (1) 3-year-olds were able to predict the underlying structure of life being and to understand the difference of internal structure among animals, plants and machines effectively. Until 5 years of age, this ability were getting mature. (2) 4-year-olds appeared to be aware of innate potential of life being and were able to predict the development of baby life being. It was not until age 6 that children demonstrated a better understanding of the developmental tendency of seeds. (3) 3-year-olds were beginning to realize the constant identity of life being regardless of the operation and deforming. Until around age 6, children's understanding was then mature. Conclusively, young children employed psychological essentialism in an abstract to concrete shift while doing causal reasoning of biological phenomena.
期刊論文
1.莊麗娟(20060300)。幼兒「重量概念」多元智能取向科學學習系統之建構。教育研究集刊，52(1)，59-92。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Atran, S.(1998)。Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars。Behavioral and Brain Science，21，547-609。  new window
3.Diesendruck, G.(2001)。Essentialism in Brazilian children's extensions of animal names。Devopmental Psychology，37，49-60。  new window
4.Galili, I.、Bar, V.(1997)。Children's operational knowledge about weight。International Journal of Science Education，19，317-340。  new window
5.Gelman, S. A.(2004)。Psychological essentialism in children。Trends in Cognitive Sciences，8，404-409。  new window
6.Gelman, S. A.、Heyman, G. D.、Legare, C. H.(2007)。Developmental changes in the coherence of essentialist beliefs about psychological characteristics。Child Development，78，757-774。  new window
7.Gelman, S. A.、Wellman, H. M.(1991)。Insides and essences: Early understandings of the nonobvious。Cognition，38，213-244。  new window
8.Gottfried, G. M.、Gelman, S. A.(2005)。Developing domain-specific causal-explanatory frameworks: The role of insides and immanence。Cognitive Development，20，137-158。  new window
9.O'Neill, D. K.(1996)。Two-year-old children's sensitivity to parent's knowledge state when making requests。Child Development，67，659-677。  new window
10.Opfer, J. E.、Bulloch, M. J.(2007)。Causal relations drive young children's induction, naming, and categorization。Cognition，105，206-217。  new window
11.Palmer, D.(2001)。Students' alternative conceptions and scientifically acceptable conceptions about gravity。International Journal of Science Education，23，691-706。  new window
12.Strevens, M.(2001)。Only causation matters: Reply to Ahn et al。Cognition，82，71-76。  new window
13.Watson, J. R.、Prieto, T.、Dillon, J. S.(1997)。Consistency of students' explanations about combustion。Science Education，81，425-443。  new window
14.莊麗娟(20080300)。幼兒「重量概念」多元智能取向科學學習系統之成效分析。教育與心理研究，31(1)，97-131。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.莊麗娟(20081000)。三～六歲幼兒對運動起因與軌跡的認知：自由落體、單擺與斜面運動。科學教育學刊，16(5)，515-541。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Aguiar, A.、Baillargeon, R.(1999)。2.5-month-old infants' reasoning about when objects should and should not be occluded。Cognitive Psychology，39，116-157。  new window
17.Everett, D.(2005)。Cultural constraints on grammar and cognition in Piraha: Another look at the design features of human language。Current Anthropology，46，621-634。  new window
18.Garnham, W. A.、Ruffman, T.(2001)。Doesn't see, doesn't know: Is anticipatory looking really related to understanding of belief?。Developmental Science，4，94-100。  new window
19.Gelman, S. A.(2005)。Essentialism in everyday thought。Psychological Science Agenda，19。  new window
20.Gelman, S. A.、Markman, E. M.(1987)。Young children's induction from natural kinds: The role of categories and appearance。Child Development，58，1532-1541。  new window
21.Graham, S. A.、Kilbreath, C. S.、Welder, A. N.(2004)。Thirteen-month-olds rely on shared labels and shape similarity for inductive inferences。Child Development，75，409-427。  new window
22.Haslam, N.、Ernst, D.(2004)。Essentialist beliefs about disorders。Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology，21，628-644。  new window
23.Hickling, A, K.、Gelman, S. A.(1995)。How does your garden grow? Early conceptualization of seeds and their place in the plant growth cycle。Child Development，66，856-876。  new window
24.Inagaki, K.、Hatano, G.(1993)。Young children's understanding of the mind-body distinction。Child Development，64(5)，1534-1549。  new window
25.Inagaki, K.、Hatano, G.(1996)。Young children's recognition of commonalities between animals and plants。Child Development，67(6)，2823-2840。  new window
26.Inagaki, K.、Hatano, G.(2004)。Vitalistic causality in young children's naive biology。Trends in Cognitive Sciences，8，356-362。  new window
27.Kelemen, D(1999)。Function, goals and intention: Children's teleological reasoning about objects。Trends in Cognitive Sciences，3，461-468。  new window
28.Kuhlmeier, V.、Bloom, P.、Wynn, K.(2004)。Do 5-month-old infants see humans as material objects?。Cognition，94，95-103。  new window
29.Nobes, G.、Moore, D.、Martin, A.、Clifford, B.、Butterworth, G.、Panagiotaki, G.(2003)。Children's understanding of the earth in a multicultural community: Mental models or fragments of knowledge。Developmental Science，6，72-85。  new window
30.Onishi, K. H.、Baillargeon, R.(2005)。Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs?。Science，308，255-258。  new window
31.Potari, D.、Spiliotopoulou, V.(1996)。Children's approaches to the concept of volume。Science Education，80，341-360。  new window
32.Rosengren, K. S.、Gelman, S. A.、Kalish, C. W.、McCormick, M.(1991)。As time goes by: Children's early understanding of growth in animal。Child Development，62，1302-1320。  new window
33.Santos, L.(2004)。'Core knowledges': A dissociation between spatiotemporal knowledge and contactmechanics in a nonhuman primate。Developmental Science，7，167-174。  new window
34.Solomon, G. E. A.(2002)。Birth, kind and naïve biology。Developmental Science，5，213-218。  new window
35.Spelke, E. S.、Kinzler, K. D.(2007)。Core knowledge。Developmental Science，10，89-96。  new window
36.Strevens, M.(2000)。The essentialist aspect of naïve theories。Cognition，74，149-175。  new window
37.Surian, L.、Caldi, S.、Sperber, D.(2007)。Attribution of Beliefs by 13-Month-Old Infants。Psychological Science，18，580-586。  new window
38.Yazdi, A. A.、German, T. P.、Defeyter, M. A.、Siegal, M.(2006)。Competence and performance in beliefdesire reasoning across two cultures: The truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth about false belief?。Cognition，100，343-368。  new window
39.莊麗娟(20080200)。三～六歲幼兒對「物、洞、影」實存性辨識之試探性研究。科學教育學刊，16(1)，1-23。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.Simons, D. J.、Keil, F. C.(1995)。An Abstract to Concrete Shift in the Development of Biological Thought: The Insides Story。Cognition，56(2)，129-163。  new window
41.Wellman, H. M.、Gelman, S. A.(1992)。Cognitive Development: Foundational Theories of Core Domains。Annual Review of Psychology，43(1)，337-375。  new window
42.Mahalingam, R.(2003)。Essentialism, culture, and power: Representations of social class。Journal of Social Issues，59(4)，733-749。  new window
43.莊麗娟(20070200)。三～六歲幼兒對重量概念的認知：基礎認知與現象推理。科學教育學刊，15(1)，73-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
44.莊麗娟(20040600)。三～六歲幼兒對重量概念的認知：本質認知與保留推理。科學教育學刊，12(2)，159-182。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Gelman, S. A.(2003)。The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Ke i l, F.(1989)。Concepts, kinds and cognit ive development。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
3.Piaget, J.(1969)。The child's conception of the world。Littlefield, NJ：Adams & CO。  new window
4.Piaget, Jean、Gattegno, C.、Hodgson, F. M.(1951)。Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood。New York：W. W. Norton。  new window
5.Carey, S.(1985)。Conceptual change in childhood。Cambridge, Massachusetts：MIT Press。  new window
單篇論文
1.Horobin, K. D.(1997)。Children's understanding of biological inheritance: Nature, nurture and essentialism(ED 406066)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cheng, P. W.、Lien, Y.(1995)。The role of coherence in differentiating genuine from spurious causes。Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Medin, D. L.、Ortony, A.(1989)。Psychological essentialism。Similarity and analogical reasoning。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Spelke, E. S.、Phillips, A. T.、Woodward, A. L.(1995)。Infants' knowledge of object motion and human action。Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Spelke, E. S.、van de Walle, G.(1993)。Perceiving and reasoning about objects: Insights from infants。Spatial representation。Oxford, England：Basil Blackwell。  new window
5.Carey, S.(1995)。On the origins of causal understanding。Causal cognition: A multi-disciplinary approach。Oxford：Clarendon press。  new window
6.Gelman, S. A.、Coley, J.、Gottfried, G.(1994)。Essentialist beliefs in children: The acquisition of concepts and theories。Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Gelman, S. A.、Hirschfeld, L. A.(1999)。How biological is essentialism?。Folkbiology。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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