Abstract From the viewpoint of trade competition, this study applied Trade Performance Index (TPI) to decompose the index content. Its purpose is to provide more information about competition identity in order to judge competition strategies and import relief. The result indicates that the share of Taiwan’s fresh food in foreign imported market doesn’t increase on Taiwan’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is a result of a decrease in the advantage of geography profession and product profession. In addition, the performance of Balassa Index (BI), which reveals comparative advantage, has only feathers and down, fish (Inland live eel aquaculture), frozen fish and starch products with BI number larger than 1. The result also shows that only the aforementioned enjoy comparative advantage in domestic production and export, the rest of domestic agricultural products lacks competitiveness. In such conditions, some of the domestic agricultural products will be replaced by foreign import, and the government should come up with a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) and relief measures to protect domestic farmers against damage inflicted by import.