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題名：距離的新聞涵意：香港報紙不同地域報導之比較
書刊名：新聞學研究
作者：郭中實／杜耀明／黃煜／陳芳怡
作者(外文)：Guo, Zhongshi／To, Yiuming／Huang, Yu／Chan, Fongyee
出版日期：2010
卷期：104
頁次：頁195-235
主題關鍵詞：香港報紙；地域距離；權力依附；觀點衝突；責任歸咎；News distance；Community newspaper；Power reliance；Opinion diversity；Problem attribution
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地域距離作為新聞事件的一種「自然」屬性在新聞生產和新聞內容上離不開從業者系統的人為操縱。本文主要探究不同報紙在處理遠近不同的事件時如何對內容建構、篩選、取捨。我們以香港報紙為研究對象，在概念上詳細闡釋三組變項之間的關係，分別為：1. 三個報紙類型（大眾報、精英報、親建制報）；2. 四個新聞發生地點（本地、國內、亞洲、國際）；3. 三個內容特質（權力依附、觀點衝突、責任歸咎）。我們對香港十四份收費日報進行了一項大型內容分析，以檢驗三個主要研究假設。數據分析結果對假設的支持程度不一，但一致顯示報紙在處理本地及異地新聞均表現出系統差異。新聞地點的變化直接影響報導中權力話語的比重、多元觀點的引用頻率以及責任歸咎的指向。儘管不同報紙的具體實踐略有差異，報紙在意識形態方面的分野似乎並不妨礙他們在距離的定義上採用同樣的做法。
Geographical distance as a “natural” attribute of news has always been systematically and artificially manipulated by media workers. This study investigated how various community newspapers select, interpret, and package events originating in places of varying distances. Contextualized in Hong Kong, the paper emphasize the relationships among three sets of variables: 1) Three types of newspapers (mass appeal, elite, and pro-establishment); 2) four news locales (local, China, Asian, and international); and 3) three content characteristics (power reliance, conflicting viewpoints, and problem attribution). To test our hypotheses, this study was conducted using a large-scale content analysis of all 14 daily newspapers in Hong Kong. Findings were mixed, but showing consistently that local news was systematically differentiated from non-local news. The differences are mainly regardingthe frequency of political authorities cited, presence of diversified opinions, and the likelihood of either individuals or institutions being blamed for social wrongs. Considerable variations were detected across different types of newspapers as well. In addition, we found that the growing influence of China’s dominant ideology on the political life of Hong Kong has taken its toll on the territory’s media practice.
期刊論文
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2.郭中實、祝建華、陳懷林、俞旭、黃煜(20020400)。無孔不入的媒體現實--直接和間接經驗對香港與廣州受眾犯罪觀念的影響。新聞學研究，71，61-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.陳韜文、李立峯(20070000)。序言 : 香港回歸後的傳媒和政治。傳播與社會學刊，3，17-29。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.蘇鑰機(20070000)。專業主義、新聞自由與市場力量：回歸後香港新聞界的恆與變。傳播與社會學刊，3，53-71。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.黃煜、郭中實、杜耀明、陳芳怡(20100000)。新聞內容之建構與表現測量--香港案例研究。傳播與社會學刊，12，147-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
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9.Wu, H. Denis(2000)。Systemic Determinants of International News Coverage: A Comparison of 38 Countries。Journal of Communication，50(2)，110-130。  new window
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11.Davison, W. P.(1983)。The Third-Person Effect in Communication。Public Opinion Quarterly，47，1-15。  new window
12.Robinson, J.、Sparkers, V. M.(1976)。International news in the Canadian and American press: A comparative news flow study。Gazette，22(4)，203-218。  new window
13.李金銓(1998)。Press Self-Censorship and Political Transition in Hong Kong。Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics，3(2)，55-73。  new window
14.Gerbner, George、Gross, Larry(1976)。Living with Television: The Violence Profile。Journal of Communication，26(2)，173-199。  new window
15.馬傑偉、馮應謙(20070000)。香港人本土身份和國族身份的角力：1996~2006香港身份調查。傳播與社會學刊，3，115-131。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Fung, Anthony Y. H.(2007)。Political Economy of Hong Kong Media: Producing a Hegemonic Voice。Asian Journal of Communication，17(2)，159-171。  new window
17.Kassarjian, Harold H.(1977)。Content Analysis in Consumer Research。Journal of Consumer Research，4(1)，8-18。  new window
18.Tobler, Waldo R.(1970)。A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region。Economic Geography，46(Supplement 1)，234-240。  new window
19.黃煜(2007)。回歸十年，香港報業的變與不變。中國報業，7，23-25。  延伸查詢new window
20.Best, J.(1991)。“Road Warriors” on “Hair-Trigger Highways”: Cultural resources and the media’s construction of the 1987 freeway shootings problem。Sociological Inquiry，61(3)，325-345。  new window
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24.Guo, Z.(2000)。Media use habits audience expectations and media effects in Hong Kong’s first legislative council election。International Journal for Communication Studies，62(2)，133-151。  new window
25.Hester, J.,、Gibson, R.(2007)。The agenda-setting function of national versus local media: A time-series analysis for the issue of same-sex marriage。Mass Communication & Society，10，299-317。  new window
26.Lee, F.,、Lin, M. Y.(2006)。Newspaper editorial strategies and politics of self-censorship in Hong Kong。Discourse & Society，17(3)，311-358。  new window
27.Levy, S. G.(1974)。Distance of politically violent events from newspaper sources over 150 Years。Journalism Quarterly，51(1)，28-32。  new window
28.Mackey-Kallis, S.,、Hahn, D. F.(1989)。Questions of public will and private action: The power of the negative in the Reagan’s “Just Say No” Campaign。Communication Quarterly，39(1)，1-17。  new window
29.Mullen, B.,、Hu, L.(1989)。Perceptions of ingroup and outgroup variability: A meta-analytic integration。Basic and Applied Social Psychology，10(3)，233-252。  new window
30.Reese, S.、Ballinger, J.(2001)。The roots of a sociology of news: Remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the newsroom。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly，78(4)，641-658。  new window
31.Shoemaker, P. J. .、Mayfield, E. K.、Shoemaker, P. J.、Mayfield, E. K.(1987)。Building a theory of news content: A synthesis of current approaches。Journalism Monographs，103，1-36。  new window
32.Skurnik, W. A. E.(1981)。Foreign news coverage in six African newspapers: The potency of national interests。Gazette，28(2)，117-130。  new window
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會議論文
1.潘忠黨、陳韜文、蘇鑰機、李金銓(2001)。國際新聞的「馴化」 : 香港回歸報導比較研究。中華傳播學會年會暨學術研討會。臺北：中華傳播學會。73，1-28。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Berkowitz, D.(1997)。Social Meanings of News: A Text-Reader。Sage。  new window
2.Schudson, M.(1978)。Discovering the news: A social history of the American newspaper。New York：Basic Books。  new window
3.Kaniss, Phyllis C.(1991)。Making Local News。Chicago, Illinois：The University of chicago Press。  new window
4.Mutz, D. C.(1998)。Impersonal influence: How perceptions of mass collectives affect political attitudes。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Van Ginneken, Jaap、van Ginneken, J.(1998)。Understanding Global News: A Critical Introduction。London, UK：Sage。  new window
6.Burke, Kenneth(1950)。A Rhetoric of Motives。University of California Press。  new window
7.Herman, Edward S.、Chomsky, Noam(2002)。Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media。New York：Pantheon Books。  new window
8.Cook, Timothy E.(1998)。Governing with the News: The News Media as a Political Institution。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
9.Schudson, Michael(1995)。The power of news。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
10.Fowler, Roger(1991)。Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press。Routledge。  new window
11.Gans, Herbert J.(1979)。Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time。New York, NY：Pantheon Books。  new window
12.Tichenor, P. J.、George, A. D.、Clarice, N. O.(1980)。Community Conflict and the Press。Beverly Hills, Calif：Sage。  new window
13.Van Dijk, Teun Adrianus、曾慶香(2003)。作為話語的新聞。北京：華夏。  延伸查詢new window
14.Iyengar, Shanto(1991)。Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues。University of Chicago Press。  new window
15.Tuchman, Gaye(1978)。Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality。Free Press。  new window
16.Fishman, Mark(1980)。Manufacturing the News。University of Texas Press。  new window
17.施清彬(2006)。香港報業現狀研究。香港：香港中國新聞出版社。  延伸查詢new window
18.蘇鑰機(2003)。〈市場導向下的新聞傳媒〉。香港傳媒新世紀。香港。  延伸查詢new window
19.Burke, K.(1962)。A grammar of motives and a rhetoric of motives。Cleveland：The World Publishing Company。  new window
20.Chan, J. M.,、Lee, C. C.(1991)。Mass media and political transition。NY：Guildford。  new window
21.Schudson, M.(1997)。The sociology of news。Social meanings of news: A text reader。Thousand Oaks, CA。  new window
22.Yeung, C.(2000)。Hong Kong: A handover of freedom?。Losing control: Freedom of the press in Asia。Canberra。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cohen, A. A.(2002)。Globalization ltd: Domestication at the boundaries of foreign television news。In search of boundaries: Communication, nation-states and cultural identities。Westport, CT：Ablex。  new window
2.蘇鑰機(1997)。完全市場導向新聞學：《蘋果日報》個案研究。大眾傳播與市場經濟。香港：鑪峰學會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Tuchman, G.(1997)。Making news by doing work: Routinizing the unexpected。Social meanings of news: A text reader。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。  new window
4.梁麗娟(2006)。香港報業邁向新年代。蘋果掉下來。香港：次文化堂。  延伸查詢new window
5.Goethals, G. R.、Darley, J.(1977)。Social comparison theory: An attributional approach。Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives。Washington, DC：Hemisphere。  new window
6.Hilgartner, Stephen(1992)。The social construction of risk objects: Or, how to pry open networks of risk。Organization, Uncertainties, and Risks。Boulder, CO：Westview。  new window
 
 
 
 
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