近年來，自然災害所造成的大規模文化資產破壞已超越其他類型的危害形式，這樣的情形已被世界各國所重視。文化典藏單位在傳統上有其既有之社會責任，在文化資產遭遇各式災害所帶來的侵襲時，文化典藏單位更是責無旁貸，如何利用其現有的資源，避免增加社會成本與文化損失，以協助受災地區文化資產進行救援，乃是目前相當迫切且必要的課題。本文擬藉由日本文化典藏單位於311大地震所採取之文化救援行動，探討文化典藏單位在面臨自然災害時所扮演的文化救援角色，並檢視世界各國的做法，提出相關建議，以加強我國政府面對自然災害所帶來的文化資產危機處理能力，並作為相關單位日後擬訂政策之參考。

In recent years, the natural disaster caused large scale damages to the cultural heritages around the world. Traditionally, organizations of cultural custody have their social responsibility, and the valuable cultural heritages have to be preserved during various disaster. This paper mainly discusses the role of cultural custody organizations when faced natural disaster. During 311 Earthquake happened in Japan, the country’s cultural custody organizations implemented several rescue efforts to preserve cultural heritage. The experience of Japan and other countries should also serve as the reference of policy-making when facing crisis management of cultural heritage caused by natural disaster.