本研究旨在探究受到新自由主義建立市場競爭、消費者選擇機制以及績效責任等理念之影響下，日本在中小學學校經營層面上之教育改革政策。在新保守主義與新自由主義兩者交互作用，推動整個教育改革政策，使得國家主義教育與市場化教育政策合一。教育改革主要特色為學校裁量權限之擴大、校內責任體制之確立、學校之經營責任、建立參加型之學校經營、校長權力擴大與發揮領導能力等。而具體策略則有成立「社區學校」、設置「學校協議會」、推動「學校評議員制度」、設置「主幹教師制度」，以及結合社區學校推動「學校選擇權」等新制度。日本於新自由主義下所推動學校經營改革策略都具有一些特色，然也產生一些問題，就現階段而言仍值得繼續觀察，相關的學校經營制度也值得作為思考國內教育發展之借鏡。

The purpose of this study was to explore educational reform policies in the management of elementary and secondary school in Japan under the influence of the concepts, which were market competition of neoliberalism establishment, consumer choice mechanism and accountability. To promote the whole educational reform policies through interacting between neoconservatism and neoliberalism combined nationalists education and marketization education policies. The main features of the educational reform included expansion of school discretion authority, the establishment of intramural responsibility system, school management responsibility, to set up participatory of school management, expansion of principal's power and the exertion of readership ability. Specific strategies are to set up "community schools," "school council," "school councilors system," "senior teacher system" and new system which promoted "school choice" with community schools. It had some characteristics to promote strategies of school management reform under neoliberalism in Japan, but it had some problems. At the moment, it is still worth to continue to observe these policies, and to learn school management system as thinking about the development of domestic education.