Nowadays, the percentage of the investment on higher education in Japan is only about 0.5% of GDP. Compared to other OECD countries, it is extremely low and always criticized by Japanese people. On the other hand, the high ratios of private universities and student numbers also reveal that household sector has a very heavy burden on paying tuition fee. In the paper, through historical analysis and document analysis, the authors intend to explore transformation, contents and relative laws and supporting policies in order to figure out the characteristics policies of tuition fee and scholarship. It is concluded as follows. (1) This tuition fee policy has two important meanings of "elite cultivation" and "equality of educational opportunity" after WWII. (2) The gap of tuition fee between national universities and private universities has been narrowed since 1970s. (3) Various scholarships are based on different laws or articles. (4) There are 48% students who are benefitted by the JASSO scholarship, and it reveals the importance of scholarship system in Japan. (5)Tuition fee policy could become an important tool for student recruitment. (6) It is important to open more information about tuition and student surveys in order to promote university accountability.