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題名:The Usefulness and Limitations of Analytic Method in Chinese Philosophy
書刊名:哲學與文化
作者:馮耀明 引用關係
作者(外文):Fung, Yiu-ming
出版日期:2015
卷期:42:3=490
頁次:頁19-53
主題關鍵詞:分析方法超越論證史語考據方法性與偽道與技抽象指涉物質名詞Analytic methodTranscendental argumentHistorical cum philological methodXing and weiNature and artifactDao and skillAbstract referenceMass noun
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個人認為,反對用分析哲學的方法來處理中國哲學的問題和觀念,至少有下列三種理由:(1)從思想史的進路(如胡適的進路)看,分析方法是不能用來分析中國歷史中的複雜觀念。要了解中國思想,此一進路的學者認為,歷史及語言的考據方法是唯一可信賴的工具。(2)從西方思考方式的角度看,一些強調中國與西方的思考方式為不可通約的學者認為,古代中國哲學的關聯式思考方式與西方傳統的分析性思考方式的鴻溝是不可溝通的。(3)從當代儒家的超越觀點看,中國哲學可以被理解為一種超越的哲學和生命的學問,它只能以道德實踐去掌握,以一種特殊的內在和超越的體驗去確證。因此,這種可以用道德實踐來享用的智慧,便會因分析方法的解釋而喪失掉。個人並不認為上述的理由是論證嚴整的和有堅實的證據。如果中國哲學歷史中有理論的成份,包括有各種觀點和問題,對於理解和詮釋中國哲學中的這些觀點和問題,使用概念分析和邏輯分析的方法乃是不可或缺的。然而,分析方法也有它的限制,雖然它是不可或缺的工具。本文將會提供一些中國哲學研究的個案,以助闡示應用與限制這兩方面的問題。
I think the reasons for rejecting using methods and theories of analytic philosophy in dealing with problems and ideas in Chinese philosophy at least include the following three: (1) From the approach of intellectual history, such as Hu Shih's approach, analytic method cannot be used to analyze the complicated ideas in Chinese history. To understand Chinese thought, scholars with this approach think, historical cum philological method is the only reliable tool. (2) From the perspective of Western way of thinking, scholars who stress the incommensurability between Chinese and Western modes of thinking believe that the gap between the correlative mode of thinking in ancient Chinese philosophy and the analytic mode of thinking in the Western tradition cannot be bridged. (3) From the transcendental viewpoint of contemporary Confucianism, Chinese philosophy can be understood as a kind of transcendental philosophy and a learning of life which can only be grasped by moral practice and ascertained by a special kind of inner and transcendental experience. So, using analytic method would explain away the wisdom which can be entertained by moral practice. I don't think the reasons of rejecting to use analytic methods and theories in Chinese philosophy are well-formed in argument and also well-grounded on evidence. If there are theories in the history of Chinese philosophy which include views and problems, to use the method of conceptual analysis and the method of logical analysis is a necessity in understanding and interpreting them. However, analytic method has its own limitations though it is a necessary tool to understand philosophy, including Chinese philosophy. In this paper, I will provide cases in ancient Chinese philosophy some of them can be used to illustrate the usefulness of analytic method, while the other ca n be used to show the limitations.
期刊論文
1.鄭禮珊、司馬翎(19980900)。Yi-Wan Tang, Yi-Ge Tang: Classifiers and Massifiers。清華學報,28(3),385-412。new window  new window
2.Fraser, Chris(2014)。Wandering the Way: A Eudaimonistic Approach to the Zhuangzi。Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy,13(4),541-565。  new window
3.Fung, Yiu-ming(2010)。On the Very Idea of Correlative Thinking。Philosophy Compass,5(4),296-306。  new window
4.Searle, John(2006)。Reality and Social Construction: Reply to Friedman。Anthropological Theory,6(1),81-88。  new window
5.Steinhauer, Karsten、Pancheva, Roumyana、Newman, Aaron J.、Gennari, Silvia、Ullman, Michael T.(20010417)。How the Mass Counts: An Electrophysiological Approach to the Processing of Lexical Features。Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsvcholosy,12(5)。  new window
6.Chien, Yu-Chin、Lust, Barbara、Chiang, Chi-Pang(2003)。Chinese children's comprehension of count-classifiers and mass-classifiers。Journal of East Asian Linguistics,12,91-120。  new window
7.Davidson, Donald(1973)。On the Very Idea of a Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme。Proceedings and addresses of the American Philosophical Association,47,5-20。  new window
8.馮耀明(19940600)。馮友蘭的新理學與超越分析。清華學報,24(2),217-240。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.方萬全(2009)。莊子論技與道。中國哲學與文化,6,259-286。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Quine, W. V.(1957)。Speaking of Objects。Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association。  new window
2.Schwarzschild, Roger(200902)。Stubborn Distributivity, Multiparticipant Nouns and the Count/Mass Distinction。39th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society。Cornell University。  new window
圖書
1.荀子、Knoblock, John、張覺(1999)。Library of Chinese Classics: Chinese-English。長沙:湖南人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Fung, Yiu-ming(2000)。公孫龍子:一個分析哲學的觀點。臺北:東大圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.Laycock, Henry(2006)。Words without Objects: Semantics, Ontology, and Logic for Non-Singularity。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
4.胡適(1991)。胡適的日記。臺北:遠流出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.莊子、Graham, Angus Charles(1981)。Chuang-Tzu: The Seven Inner Chapters and Other Writings from the Book Chuang-Tzu。George Allen & Unwin。  new window
6.Johnston, Ian(2010)。The Mozi: A Complete Translation。Hong Kong:Chinese University Press。  new window
7.李零(200209)。郭店楚簡校讀記。北京:北京大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Hansen, Chad D.(1983)。Language and Logic in Ancient China。Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press。  new window
9.莊子、Watson, Burton(1968)。The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu。New York:Columbia University Press。  new window
10.Hansen, Chad(1992)。A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophical Interpretation。Oxford University Press。  new window
11.馮耀明(2003)。「超越內在」的迷思--從分析哲學觀點看當代新儒學。香港中文大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。  new window
13.荀卿、王先謙、沈嘯寰、王星賢(1988)。荀子集解。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.Quine, Willard Van Orman(1960)。Word and Object。Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Fung, Yiu-Ming(2001)。Three Dogmas of New Confucianism: A Perspective of Analytic Philosophy。Two Roads to Wisdom?: Chinese and Analytic Philosophical Tradition。Chicago, IL:La Salle:Open Court Publishing Company。  new window
2.Fun, Yiu-ming(2010)。超越傲慢與偏見:在形上體證與史語考據之外。萬戶千門任卷舒:勞思光先生八十華誕祝壽論文集。Hong Kong:Chinese University Press。  延伸查詢new window
3.Fung, Yiu-ming。Logical Thinking in the White horse Dialogue。Language and Logic in Early China。  new window
4.憨山徳清(1997)。Commentary on the Inner Chapters of Zhuangzi。Treasure Sermons of Master Han Shan。Hong Kong:HK Buddhist Book Distributor。  new window
5.Payne, J. R.、Huddleston, R.(2002)。The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language。The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Doetjes, Jenny(1996)。Mass and count: syntax or semantics?。Leiden:Holland Institute of Linguistics。  new window
7.Fung, Yiu-ming(2006)。Davidson's Charity in the Context of Chinese Philosophy。Davidson's Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy: Constructive Engagement。Leiden:Brill Academic Publishers。  new window
 
 
 
 
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