本文從高雄長期以來石化產業發展及此次氣爆事件出發，試圖梳理出石化產業與氣爆事件對高雄邁向宜居城市所可能產生的影響。事實上高雄已具備有邁向宜居城市的基礎條件，但從石化產業發展與氣爆事件反思，本研究認為高雄必須要妥善處理環境成本問題並建立城市災害風險管理機制。讓過去石化產業發展建立在製造環境外部成本與居民健康風險等環境不正義情形，轉變成企業必須擔負起更大的社會責任，並且將企業生產的環境外部成本內部化，以改善環境不正義的惡劣狀況。高雄在邁向宜居城市目標的同時，必須有效處理環境成本並且建立城市災害風險管理機制，才能突破目前所面臨的困境與挑戰，順利推動高雄轉型成為宜居的港灣城市。

Because of the development of petrochemical industry and gas blast incident, the researchers want to know, that how the incident influences Kaohsiung of becoming a livable city. Actually Kaohsiung already has basic condition to be a livable city, but the gas blast incident shows two challenges we have to face: first is an Environmental cost and second is to build the mechanism of Risk management. First of all we want to require the petrochemical industry company take the responsibility to take the Environmental cost into the cost of company; instead of building health risk on the resident or make pollution on the city environment. On the other hand, we have to build a new mechanism of Risk management, we must abandon past mechanism of Risk management in order to face more complex risk conditions. Through Kaohsiung towards the goal of becoming a livable city, we must have to deal with the Environmental cost problem and build a new mechanism of Risk management; which can help Kaohsiung overcome the difficulties and challenges we currently facing and make Kaohsiung transform into a livable city smoothly.