"Sustainable development" is currently a globally and academically concerned issue, which primarily refers to environmental issues. The core concept is that human being must begin to realize both the limitation of resources and the maximum acceptability of environment in order not to over consume the resources, pollute surroundings and jeopardize future development. However, regarding to the public resources and daily living, people always would like to have convenient public facilities nearby, yet, people strongly oppose those facilities' which generate negative effects, such as waste dump, incinerator, power plant, transformer station, gas station. This public reaction has been interpreted as a phenomenon called. "NIMBY" (Not In My Back Yard). On the other hand, how to justly negotiate the deal of compensation to where has been selected as "NIMBY" facilities becomes a difficult problem to handle. In most occasions, it even turns to be conflicting situations. Those issues. which relate to sustainable development not only associate with troublesome knotty benefits. but also connect to public policy and environmental justice. In recent years, a promising progress has been made with regard to the phenomenon of "NIMBY" from different aspects. However, it is infrequent to confer the phenomenon of "NIMBY .. and the issue of compensation on the bases of public psyche (community consciousness) and justice (environmental ethics). With the approaches of "community consciousness" and "environmental ethics", this essay begins to delineate the impact of communitarianism on the local (or community) sustainable development. Meanwhile, it emphasizes on the analysis on the public psyche and environmental justice. On the other hand. the essay focuses on the positive and negative influences of compensation as a method to divine justice. Furthermore, it reviews the latest event of public referendum on environmental issue regarding whether the referendum could honestly reflects the community consciousness of "communitariilnism." And, could the referendum u1timately solve the contradictions between professional examinations and public opinion, public benefit.