模式語言及非正式營造系統的認識論批判：亞歷山大及其同志_

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題名：	模式語言及非正式營造系統的認識論批判：亞歷山大及其同志
書刊名：	國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報
作者：	夏鑄九
作者(外文)：	Hsia, Chu-Joe
出版日期：	1989
卷期：	4:1
頁次：	頁49-65
主題關鍵詞：	空間模式語言；非正式營造系統；亞歷山大．克里斯多夫；Christopher Alexander
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:155

本文將亞歴山大•克里斯多夫的研究視爲當前建築設計論述中的理論模型之一來進行認識論的批判。我們檢視亞歴山大及其同志們論述實踐之疑旨、認議論的預設、以及其空白沈默的與其表白發言的部分，以做爲未來頭論建構的基礎。首先，我們在歴史與社會的脈絡組織中回顧亞氏研究方法的演進。其次，以三個不同的層次來詳細闡述亞氏之理論論述，審視它如何處理空間形式、形式－脈絡組織的關係與應用的課題。最後，做爲本文之結論，對亞氏對空間的文化形式的觀點提出雨點方法論上的質疑：1.神秘的空間結構與意識、2.在「技術－經濟再結構過程」中的非正式營造系統的角色。所以，亞氏對模式語言與非正式營造系統的研究方法是一個迷人的、實體性的理論，潛藏了激進的世界觀，然而他像是提供了後現代文化氣候下的避難所，僅僅試圖在建築論述之中去改變空間潛藏的現實。

以文找文

The essay is an epistemological critique of the approach of Christopher Alexander as one of theoretical models in the current discourse of architectural design. The critique examines the problematic, its epistemological presupposition, its absence and presence of the discursive practice of Christopher Alexander and his collaborators as the base of our theoretical construction. First, the evolution of Alexander`s approach is reviewed in its social and historical context. Then, the author elaborates upon the substance of Alexander`s theoretical discourse in three different aspects to see how he deals with these issues: the spatial form, form-context relationship and application. Finally, to conclude this epistemological review, a social critique of Alexander`s perspective of the cultural form of space concentrates on two methodological problems: 1. Mystified structure and consciousness of space, 2. The informal building system in the "techno-economic restructuring process". Therefore, Alexander`s approach of pattern language and the informal building system is a provocative, substantive theory underlying a radical world view, but he only asserts to change the underlying reality of space in architectural discourse as providing one of our refuge in the cultural climate of post-modernism

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Alexander, Christopher(1959)。Perception and Modular Coordination。RIBA Journal，66(12)，425-429。
2.	Alexander, Christopher(1960)。A Result in Visual Aesthetics。British Journal of Psychology，51，357-371。
3.	Alexander, Christopher(1960)。The Revolution Finished Twenty Years Ago。Architects Year Book，9，181-185。
4.	Alexander, Christopher(1965)。A City is Not a Tree。Architectural Forum，1965(Apr./May)，58-62。
5.	Alexander, Christopher(1965)。The Theory and Invention of Form。Architectural Record，137(4)，177-186。
6.	Alexander, Christopher(1966)。The Pattern of Streets。Journal of the American Institute of Planners，32(5)，273-278。
7.	Alexander, Christopher(1967)。Rejoinder。Journal of the American Institute of Planners，33(6)，414-417。
8.	Alexander, Christopher(1968)。The Bead Game Conjecture。Lotus，5，151-154。
9.	Alexander, Christopher(1968)。Thick Wall Pattern。Architectural Design，38(7)，324-326。
10.	Alexander, Christopher(1970)。The Environment。The Japan Architect，165，52-54。
11.	Alexander, Christopher(1977)。On Value。Concrete，1(8)，1+3+6-7。
12.	Alexander, Christopher(1981)。Beyond Humanism--An Interview by Howard Davis。Journal of Architectural Education，35(1)，18-24。
13.	Alexander, Christopher(1984)。Introduction of 'Mexicali Revisited'。Places，1(4)，76-77。
14.	Alexander, Christopher、Huggins, A. W. F.(1964)。On Changing the Way People See。Perceptual and Motor Skills，19(1)，235-253。
15.	Alexander, Christopher、Carey, Susan(1968)。Subsymmetries。Perception and Psychophysics，4(2)，73-77。
16.	Alexander, Christopher、Eisenman, Peter(1984)。Discord over Harmony in Architecture--The Eisenman/Alexander Debate。Harvard Graduate School of Design News，2，12-17。
17.	Buchanan, Peter(1981)。Patterns and Regeneration。The Architectural Review，170(1018)，331-333。
18.	Fromm, Dorit(1985)。Peru: Previ。The Acrchitectural Review，178(1062)，48-75。
19.	Juhasz, Joseph B.(1981)。Christopher Alexander the Language of Architecture。Journal of Environmental Psychology，1(3)，241-261。
20.	Knevitt, Charles(1986)。Architecture's 57 Varieties。Art and Design，1986(Feb.)，5。
21.	Minett, John(1975)。If the City is not a Tree, nor is it a System。Planning Outlook，16，4-17。
22.	Protzzen, J. P.(19771101)。The Poverty of the Pattern Language。Concrete，1(6)，1+5。
23.	Protzzen, J. P.(19771115)。The Poverty of the Pattern Language。Concretet，1(8)，1+4。
24.	Viladas, Pilar(1986)。Harmony and Wholeness。Progressive Architecture，6(86)，92。
25.	Jameson, Fredric(1984)。Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism。New Left Review，146，53-92。
26.	Alexander, Christopher(1961)。Information and an organized process of design。New Building Research，1961(Spring)，115-124。
27.	Alexander, Christopher(1965)。The Coordination of Computers in Design。Landscape，14(3)，6-8。
28.	Alexander, Christopher(1966)。Relational complexes in Architecture。Architectrual Record，140(3)，185-190。
29.	Alexander, Christopher(1967)。Systems Generation Systems。Booklett, Inland Steel，45，39-44。
30.	Alexander, Christopher(1971)。A Refutation of design Methodology。Design Methods News Letter，42(12)，768-770。
31.	Alexander, Christopher(1977)。The Architect Builder: Toward Changing the Conception of What an Architect is。Conception of What an Architect is San Francisco Bay Architects Review，1977(Sep.)，4。
32.	Alexander, Christopher(1983)。The Style of the 21st Century: An Essay on Technology, Geometry and Style。Concrete，17(3)，6-7+11。
33.	Alexander, Christopher(1967)。Design Innovation: an Exchange of Ideas。Progressive Architecture，1967(Nov.)，126-131。
34.	Alexander, Christopher(1975)。Tourism in Andalusia: Making Buildings and Communities Which Really Live。Architectural Live，45(1)，33-37。
35.	Alexander, Christopher(1985)。Battle: The History of A Crucial Clash between World-System A and World-System B。The Japan Architect，340，15-35。
36.	Appleyard, Donald(1977)。A Planners Guide to Environmental Psychology: A Review Essay。The Journal of the American Institute of Planners，43，184-189。
37.	Baldwin, J.(1986)。The Production of Houses。Whole Earth Review，50，85。
38.	Alexander, Christopher(1969)。Major Changes in Environmental Form Required by Social and Psychological Demands。Ekistics，28(165)，78-85。
39.	Broadbent, Geoffrey(1979)。Alexander's Pattern Language。Architectmal Association Quarterly，11(4)，58-59。
40.	Clavan, Benjamin(1979)。Christopher Alexander and The Pattern Language: From Theory to Reality。Architecture and Urbanism，111，87-98。
41.	Davis. Douglas、Eads, Brian(1986)。Christopher Alexander。P/A Profile, Progressive Architecture，6(86)，102-103。
42.	Fromm, Dorit、Bosselmann, Peter(1984)。Mexicali Revisited: Seven Years Later。Places，1(4)，78-90。
43.	Gallagher, Nora(19860427)。Coming Home: The Making of a House。Image，30-34+50。
44.	Gehry, Fraud O.(1985)。Norton House, Venice, California。Architectural Recored，1985(Apr.)，86。
45.	Gerratana, Valentino(1977)。Heidegger and Marx, Trans. Kate Soper。New Left Review，106，49-58。
46.	Goodey, Brian(1982)。Cut Down to Size? Christopher Alexanders A City is Not a Tree。Built Environment，8(4)，258-261。
47.	Hellman, Louis(1982)。Learning from Las Vegas。Built Environment，8(4)，267-271。
48.	Keniger, Michael(1980)。The Romance and Illusion of the Architecture of High Technology。Transition，1980(Nov.)，36-40。
49.	Kotsiopoulos, Tassos M.(1982)。Reading The Oregon Experiment。Building and Environment，17(2)，69-85。
50.	Rabeneck, Andrew(1979)。Rev. of A Pattern Language, by Christoper Alexander, Sara Ishikawaand Murray Silverstein。Architectural Design，49(1)，19-20。
51.	Shipsky, James(1984)。Christopher Alexander, Theory and Practice。Architecture，1984(Jul.)，54-63。
52.	Smithson, Peter(1975)。Team 10 at Rouaumout 1962。Architectural Deign，45(11)，664-689。
53.	Teussot, Georges(1983)。Maginal comments on the Debate Between Alexander and Eisenman。Lotus International，4(40)，69-73。
54.	Tzonis, Alexander(1985)。Rev. of Christopher Alexander。Design Book Review，8，63。
55.	Van Oudenallen, Harry(1985)。Rev. of Christopher Alexander and the Search for a New Paradigm in Architecture。Journal of Architectural Education，38(3)，32。
56.	Ward, Tony(1978)。Handmade Houses: A Search for Identity。Architectural Design，48(7)，480-488。
57.	Ward, Tony(1979)。Rev. of A Patterm Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silvertein。Architectural Design，49(1)，15-17。

會議論文
1.	Castells, Manuel、Portes, Alejaneo(1986)。World Underneath: The Origins, Dynamics, and Effects of the Informal Economy。The Conference on the Comparative Study of the Informal Sector。Harpers Ferry, West Virginia。

研究報告
1.	Alexander, Christopher(1973)。Economics, Politics and Implementation of the Pattern Language。Stockholm。

學位論文
1.	Leu, Chin-Wen(1985)。Ten Years Experience with the Oregon Experiment: An Analysis and Critique of a Campus Planning Process(碩士論文)。The University of Oregon。

圖書
1.	Alexander, Christopher、van King, Maren、Ishikawa, Sara(1965)。390 Requirements for the Rapid Transit Station。Berkeley, Ca.：Library of the College of Environmental Design。
2.	Alexander, Christopher(1963)。HIDECS 3: Four Computer Programs for the Hierachical Decomposition of Systems which have an Associated Linear Graph。Cambridge, Mass：School of Engineering, M.I.T.。
3.	Alexander, Christopher(1964)。The Year Program For Research on Environmental Design。Berkeley, California。
4.	Alexander, Christopher(1966)。The Coordination of the Urban Rule System。Berkeley, Calif：Center for Environmental Structure。
5.	Alexander, Christopher(1969)。Alexander, Christopher-Bibliographies。Berkeley, Calif.。
6.	Alexander, Christopher(1981)。The Linz Cafe。New York：Oxford University Press。
7.	Alexander, Christopher、Manheim, Marvin L.(1962)。The Use of Diagrams in Highway Route Location: An Experiment。Cambridge, Mass.：School of Engineering, M.I.T.。
8.	Alexander, Christopher、Ishikawa, Sara、Silverstein, Murray(1968)。A Pattern Language Which Generates Multi-Service Centers。Berkeley, Calif.：Center for Environmental Structure。
9.	Alexander, Christopher、Hirshen, Sanford、Ishikawa, Sara、Coffin, Christie、Angel, Shlomo(1969)。Houses Generated by Patterns。Berkeley, Calif.：Center for Environmental Structure。
10.	Alexander, Christopher(1970)。A Human City。Tokyo：Kajima。
11.	Alexander, Christopher(1973)。The Grass Roots Housing Process。Berkeley, Calif.：Center for Environmental structure。
12.	Callenbach, Ernest、Brand, Steward(1981)。The Next Whole Earth Catalog。
13.	Castells, Manuel(1980)。The Economic Crisis and American Society。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。
14.	Castells, Manuel(1985)。High Technology, Space, and Society。Beverly Hills, California：Sage。
15.	Chermayeff, Serge、Alexander, Christopher(1963)。Community and Privacy: Toward a New Architecture of Humanism。New York：Doubleday。
16.	Cooke, Philip(1983)。Theories of Planning and Spatial Development。London：Hutchinson。
17.	Gould, Peter、Olsson, Gummar(1982)。A Search for Common Ground。London：Pion Limited。
18.	Grabow, Stephen(1983)。Christopher Alexander: The Search for a New paradigm in Architecture。Oriel Press。
19.	Habraken, N. J.(1982)。Transformations of the Site。Awater Press。
20.	Heidegger, Martin、Hofstadter, Albert(1971)。Peotry, Language, Thought。New York：Harper Colophon Books。
21.	Marder, Tod A.(1985)。The Critical Edge: Controversy in Recent American Architecture。Cambridge, Mass.：The MIT Press。
22.	Turner, John(1976)。Housing by People。London：Marion Boyars。
23.	Turner, John、Fichter, R.(1972)。Freedom to Build: Dweller Control of the Housing Process。New York：Macmillan。
24.	Ward, Peter(1982)。Self-Help Housing A Critique。London：Mansell。
25.	Alexander, Christopher(1979)。The Timeless Way of Building。Oxford University Press。
26.	Alexander, Christopher、Silverstein, Murray、Angel, Shlomo、Ishikawa, Sara、Abrams, Denny(1975)。The Oregon experiment。New York：Oxford University Press。
27.	Alexander, Christopher(1964)。Note on the synthesis of Form。Cambridge, Massachussets：Harvard University Press。
28.	Alexander, Christopher、King, Ingrid、Neis, Hajo、Aninou, Artemis(1987)。A New Theory of Urban Design。Oxford University Press。
29.	Castells, Manuel(1984)。Towards the Informational City?。Berkeley, Calif.：IURD, University of California, Berkeley。
30.	Alexander, Christopher(1967)。Center for Environmental Structure: Theory, Organization, Activities。Berkeley, Calif.：Center for Environmental Structure。
31.	Alexander, Christopher、King, Ingrid、Wendler, Walter(1975)。The New Apartment House。Berkeley, Ca.：Center for Environmental Structure。
32.	Alexander, Christopher、Manheim, Marvin L.(1962)。HIDECS 2: A Computer Program for the Hierarchical Decomposition of a Set Which has an Associated Linear Graph。Cambrige, Mass.：School of Engineering, M.I.T.。
33.	Alexander, Christopher、Manheim, Marvin L.(1962)。The Design of Highway Interchanges: An Example of a General Method for Analysing Engineering Design Problems。Cambridge, Mass.：School of Enineering, M.I.T.。
34.	Alexander, Christopher、Ishikawa, Sara、Silverstein, Murray(1967)。Proceedings of the Seminar of the Center for Environmental Structure。Berkeley, Calif.：Center for Environmental Structure。
35.	Alexander, Christopher、Ishikawa, Sara、Silverstein, Murray(1977)。A Pattern Lannguage。New York：Oxford University Press。
36.	Bahktin, Mikhail M.、Medvedev, P. M.、Wemle, Albert J.(1978)。The Formal Method in Literary Scholarship: A Critical Introduction to Socioloical Poetics。Cambridge, Mass.：Harvard University Press。
37.	Castells, Manuel、Lebas, Elizabeeth(1978)。City, Class and Power in Trans。New York：St. Martin's Press。
38.	Biennale, Venice(1980)。Architecture, 1980: The presence of the past。New York：Rizzoli。
39.	Rudolfsky, Bernard(1969)。Architectrure Without Architects。New York：Doubleday。
40.	Timpanaro, Sebastian、Garner, Lawrence(1965)。On Materialism。London：New Left Books。
41.	Jacobs, Jane(1961)。The Death and Life of Great American Cities。New York：Vintage Books。
42.	Alexander, Christopher(1985)。The Production of Houses。Oxford University Press。

單篇論文
1.	Alexander, Christopher(1985)。The Nature of Order，Berkeley, Ca。
2.	Tafuri, Manfredo(1963)。Architettura socialismo nel pensiero di William Morris。

其他
1.	Loeorcher, Diana(19720218)。Can a Housewife Design a Home。
2.	Alexander, Christopher，Davis, Howard，Abdelhalim, Halim(1974)。People Rebuilding Berkeley: The Self- Creating Life of Neighbourhoods。
3.	Banham, Reyner(19860103)。Changing Tack on the Timeless Way。

圖書論文
1.	Scott, Allen J.(1982)。The Meaning and Social Origins of Discourse on the Spatial Foundations of Society。A Search for Commond Ground。London：Pion Limited。
2.	Alexander, Christopher(1963)。The Determination of Components for an Indian Village。Confernece on Design method。New York：Pergamon Press。
3.	Alexander, Christopher(1966)。From a Set of Forces to a Form。The Man-Made Object, Vision and Value Series。New York：George Braziller。
4.	Alexander, Christopher(1967)。The city as a Mechanism for Sustaining Human Contact。Environment for Man: The Next Fifty Years。Indiana University Press。
5.	Alexander, Christopher(1974)。An Attempt to Derive the Nature of a Human Building System from First Principles。The Responsive House。Cambridge, Mass：The MIT Press。
6.	Alexander, Christopher(1974)。An Early Summary of The Timeless Way of Building,1970。Designing for Human Behavior: Architecture and the Behavioral Science。Stroudsburg, Pa：Dowen, Hutchison Ross。
7.	Alexander, Christopher、Poyner, Barry(1971)。The Atoms of Environmental Structure。Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning。Cambridge, Mass：The MIT Press。
8.	Alexander, Christopher、Jacobson, Max(1974)。Specifications for an Organic and Human Building System。The Responsive House。Combridge, Mass.：The MIT Press。
9.	Banham, Reyner(1986)。Interview with Reyner Banham。Progressive Architecture。
10.	Misra, R. P.(1981)。The Changing Perception of Development Problems。Changing Perception of Development Problems。Hong kong：Maruzen。
11.	Marder, Tod A.(1985)。Gehry House。The Critical Edge: Controversy in Recent American Architeure。Cambridge, Mass.：The MIT Press。
12.	Perico Bur, Antonio(1984)。Vernacular Architecture as a Pattern Language Avantla Lettre, Menorca, an Exampie。Man- Environment Qualitative Aspects。Barcelona：University of Barcelona。

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