This paper will focus on the case of Taiwan's fifth naphtha cracker to demonstrate the environmental roots of civil protest in Taiwan and the formidable challenges it faces in reversing the country's environmental decline. This paper will argue that: 1)an ideology of technological and economic determinism has become a powerful weapon for the government to defuse environmental protest. After the emergence of protest in Houchin, the government reiterated that pollution could be controlled by newly developed technologies, and charged that village's rejection of the plant was irrational. 2)Under Taiwan's rapid industrial growth strategy, environmental pollution is treated as though it is “normal” risk of development. It will be shown that the government assumes environmental pollution to be a problem of “social costs” and regards new technology as the most effective means to lower these costs. In this context, greater importance is given to expaned production capacity and technological innovation. Political and social values, such as equity, environmental balance and governance are all marginalized. This paper will first briefly scrutinize the relationship between technology and grassroots environmental movements. That technology is not a neutral object and its political features are be examined. This paper offers a brief overview of the economic and political situation in Taiwan. Following is the examination of the metropolitan region of Kaohsiung, where the village of Houchin is located. The case of the fifth naphtha cracker is explored in detail with a focus on the state's appeal to technological and economic determinism to thwart environmental protest. The conclusion of this paper discusses the meaning of the Houchin protest for Taiwan's future development.