In response to the rise of anti-pollution protests, Taiwan’s government instituted a series of regulation measures to manage the environmental crisis and social discontents. However, community participation has been persistently underdeveloped. Due to the distrust on the part of officials and business, the communities adjacent to industrial zones are dispossessed of the right of being fully informed. Residents are not allowed to understand the risk and pollution they face everyday; as a result, when pollution erupts, they can only result to protest to demand compensation. In the Taliao Incident of December 2008, existing environmental regulations fail completely. Local environmental inspectors, pollution complaint hotline, and the temporary monitoring system installed by the central government are unable to identify the pollution sources and protect the safety of threatened residents. This paper takes a critical look at the evolution of community vigilante committee. The committee is originally devoted to crime-prevention, but after the Incident, it obtains government recognition, training and subsidy for the purpose of pollution prevention. Now the committee is allowed to sample pollution evidence in the factory compound. This paper researches the current situation of this emergent form of community participation and evaluates its potential for the future of democratic pragmatism as a new paradigm of environmental governance.