在老齡化程度持續升高、國內消費動力不足、經濟增長下行壓力增大的背景下,釋放老年人口消費能量成為一個充滿機遇的挑戰。文章利用"中國健康與養老追蹤調查"數據分析發現,全國城鄉老年人口消費水平低于平均水平,且消費結構相似。通過采用單因素方差分析和多元回歸分析方法對全國老年人口及分城鄉老年人口消費決定因素進行研究,結果表明,退休后老年人口消費水平會提高;優勢個體特征、良好家庭互動以及健全社會保障等因素有利于釋放老年人消費的潛能,其中收入和教育變量作用顯著,尤其在農村地區更加顯著。鑒于此,研究認為應當統籌城鄉發展,通過提供全面的老年產品與有效的老年服務,激發老年人口消費動能,最終促進全國消費需求的增加。

In the context of aging population,insufficient consuming capability,and the downward pressure of economy,releasing the consumption of elderly population is challenging but with full opportunities.By using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey( CHARLS) data,the study finds that the elderly consumption level is lower than the national average.The consumption structure is similar between urban and rural elderly population.By using the one-way ANOVA and the multivariate regression analysis,our results further suggest that the elderly consumption will increase after retirement.Older people’s consumption can be promoted by the advancement of individual characteristics,functional family interaction,and sound social security system.Especially,income and education demonstrate a strong impact.Such phenomenon is more apparent in rural area.We propose that the development of urban and rural areas should be coordinated.Furthermore,the government should provide comprehensive products and effective services for the elderly,so as to stimulate their consumption and to promote the domestic consumption demand.