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題名：市場化、經濟發展與中國城市中的性別收入不平等
書刊名：社會學研究
作者：賀光燁／吳曉剛
作者(外文)：He, Guang-ye／Wu, Xiao-gang
出版日期：2015
卷期：2015(1)
頁次：140-165+245
主題關鍵詞：經濟發展；性別不平等；勞動力市場；市場轉型
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本文利用2005年人口抽樣調查數據，結合地市級統計數據，研究探討了改革時期中國城市勞動力市場中性別收入不平等的發展趨勢及其背后的動力機制。我們特別關注市場化及社會經濟發展這兩個維度對性別收入不平等的影響。研究發現，男女間的收入差距在機關事業單位最小，但隨就業部門的市場化程度增加而增大。在地區層次上，市場化和社會經濟發展影響性別收入不平等的方向和強度是不同的。盡管經濟發展在一定程度上可以降低性別間的收入不平等，但在市場化的主導作用下，自改革以來，男女間收入差異至今仍然不斷擴大。這些發現對理解勞動力市場中性別不平等形成的宏觀機制及政策制定等均有啟示意義。
This paper analyzes data from the 2005 population mini-census and prefecture-level statistics to investigate the trend in gender earnings inequality and the driving forces behind the trend in reform-era urban China.The authors pay special attention to the different impacts of marketization and economic development on gender earnings inequality.Cross-sectoral analyses show that the gender earnings gap is the smallest in government and public institutions and increases for more marketized sectors.At the prefectural level，we match the mini-census data with prefecture-level statistics and differentiate the effect of economic development from that of marketization.Multi-level analyses show that marketization and economic development affect gender inequality in different ways:the market force has exacerbated gender earnings inequality，whereas economic development has reduced it.Overall，marketization appears to be the main driver of the increasing gender earnings inequality in urban China.Our findings shed new light on the changing gender inequality and the effective policies to promote gender equality in urban China’s labor markets.
期刊論文
1.葉華、吳曉剛(2011)。生育率下降與中國男女教育的平等化趨勢。社會學研究，155(5)，153-177。  延伸查詢new window
2.Phelps, Edmund S.(1972)。The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism。American Economic Review，62(4)，659-661。  new window
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4.李春玲(2009)。中國職業性別隔離的現狀及變化趨勢。社會學研究，2009(3)。  延伸查詢new window
5.梁玉成(2007)。現代化轉型與市場轉型混合效應的分解--市場轉型研究的年齡、時期和時代效應模型。社會學研究，2007(4)，93-244。  延伸查詢new window
6.王天夫、賴楊恩、李博柏(2008)。城市性別收入差異及其演變：1995-2003。社會學研究，2008(2)，23-53。  延伸查詢new window
7.吳曉剛(2008)。1993-2000年的中國城市自願與非自願就業流動與收入不平等。社會學研究，2008(6)，33-57。  延伸查詢new window
8.吳愈曉、吳曉剛(2008)。1982-2000：我國非農職業的性別隔離研究。社會，2008(5)。  延伸查詢new window
9.謝桂華(2006)。市場轉型與下崗工人。社會學研究，2006(1)，22-54。  延伸查詢new window
10.張宛麗(2004)。現階段中國社會分化與性別分層。浙江學刊，2004(6)。  延伸查詢new window
11.Bauer, John、Wang, Feng、Riley, Nancy E.、Zhao, Xiaohua(1992)。Gender Inequality in Urban China: Education and Employment。Modern China，18(3)，333-370。  new window
12.Duflo, Esther(2012)。Women Empowerment and Economic Development。Journal of Economic Literature，50(4)，1051-1079。  new window
13.Gustafsson, Björn、Li, Shi(2000)。Economic Transformation and the Gender Earnings Cap in Urban China。Journal of Population Economics，13(2)，305-329。  new window
14.Hannum, Emily(2005)。Market Transition, Educational Disparities, and Family Strategies in Rural China: New Evidence on Gender Stratification and Development。Demography，42(2)，275-299。  new window
15.Hout, Michael、DiPrete, Thomas A.(2006)。What We Have Learned: RC28's Contributions to Knowledge about Social Stratification。Research in Social Stratification and Mobility，24(1)，1-20。  new window
16.Lavely, William、Xiao, Zhenyu、Li, Bohua、Freedman, Ronald(1990)。The Rise in Female Education in China: National and Regional Patterns。The China Quarterly，121，61-93。  new window
17.Li, Jun(2013)。Job Mobility in Postreform Urban China。Chinese Sociological Review，45(4)，81-109。  new window
18.Mathews, Rebecca、Nee, Victor(2000)。Gender Inequality and Economic Growth in Rural China。Social Science Research，29(4)，606-632。  new window
19.Nee, Victor(1996)。The Emergence of a Market Society: Changing Mechanisms of Stratification in China。American Journal of Sociology，101(4)，908-949。  new window
20.Petersen, Trond、Morgan, Laurie A.(1995)。Separate and Unequal: Occupational Establishment Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap。American Journal of Sociology，101(2)，329-365。  new window
21.Reskin, Barbara F.(2003)。Including Mechanisms in Our Models of Ascriptive Inequality。American Sociological Review，68，75-97。  new window
22.Rosenzweig, Mark R.、Zhang, Junsen(2013)。Economic Growth, Comparative Advantage, and Gender Differences in Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from the Birth-weight Differences of Chinese Twins。Journal of Development Economics，104。  new window
23.Shu, Xiaoling、Bian, Yanjie(2003)。Market Transition and Gender Gap in Earnings in Urban China。Social Forces，81(4)，1107-1145。  new window
24.Walder, Andrew G.(1996)。Markets and Inequality in Transitional Economies: Toward Testable Theories。American Journal of Sociology，101(4)，1060-1073。  new window
25.Wu, Xiaogang(2002)。Work Units and Income Inequality: The Effect of Market Transition in Urban China。Social Forces，80(3)，1069-1099。  new window
26.Wu, Xiaogang(2013)。Redrawing the Boundaries: Work Units and Social Stratification in Urban China。Chinese Sociological Review，45(4)，6-28。  new window
27.Wu, Xiaogang、Song, Xi(2014)。Ethnic Stratification amid China's Economic Transition: Evidence from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region。Social Science Research，44，158-172。  new window
28.Wu, Xiaogang、Zhang, Zhuoni(2010)。Changes in Educational Inequality in China, 1990-2005: Evidence From the Population Census Data。Research in Sociology of Education，17，123-152。  new window
29.Xie, Yu、Zhou, Xiang(2014)。Income Inequality in Today's China。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，86(4)，6928-6933。  new window
30.Zhang, Junsen、Han, Jun、Liu, Pak-Wai、Zhao, Yaohui(2008)。Trends in the Gender Earnings Differential in Urban China。Industrial and Labor Relations Review，61(2)，224-243。  new window
31.Zhang, Yuping、Hannum, Emily、Wang, Meiyan(2008)。Gender-based Employment Differences in Urban China: Considering the Contributions of Marriage and Parenthood。Social Forces，86(4)，1529-1560。  new window
32.Bian, Yanjie、Logan, John R.(1996)。Market Transition and the Persistence of Power: The Changing Stratification System in Urban China。American Sociological Review，61(5)，739-758。  new window
33.Xie, Yu、Hannum, Emily(1996)。Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-Era Urban China。American Journal of Sociology，101(4)，950-992。  new window
34.Nee, Victor(1989)。A Theory of Market Transition: From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism。American Sociological Review，54(5)，663-681。  new window
研究報告
1.國家統計局(2013)。中國統計年鑒2012。北京：中國統計出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Wu, Xiaogang、He, Guangye(2014)。Changing Ethnic Stratification in Contemporary China。  new window
圖書
1.邊燕杰、盧漢龍、孫立平(2002)。市場轉型與社會分層：美國社會學者分析中國。北京：生活．讀書．新知三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
2.樊綱、王小魯、朱恒鵬(2011)。中國市場化指數--各地區市場化相對進程2011年報告。北京：經濟科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Whyte, Martin King、Parish, William L.(1984)。Urban Life in Contemporary China。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
4.Charles, Maria、Grusky, David(2004)。Occupational Ghetto。Palo Alto, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
5.Mincer, Jacob(1974)。Schoolings, Experience and Earnings。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
6.Treiman, Donald J.(2009)。Quantitative Data Analysis: Doing Social Research to Test Ideas。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass：Wiley。  new window
7.邊燕杰、吳曉剛、李路路(2008)。社會分層與流動：國外學者對中國研究的新進展。北京：中國人民大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Honig, Emily、Hershatter, Gail(1988)。Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980's。Stanford, California：Stanford University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Arrow, Kenneth(1974)。The Theory of Discrimination。Discrimination in Labor Markets。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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