研究同時采用首次注視點百分率與行為反應時指標，探討了認知控制在無關工作記憶表征引導視覺注意選擇過程中的作用。實驗1發現:當視覺搜索容易時，首次注視點百分率和反應時指標都出現了注意引導效應;而當視覺搜索困難時，在反映早期注意定向的首次注視點百分率指標上，搜索快的被試組的注意引導效應顯著大于搜索慢的被試組，而在行為反應時指標上，搜索快的被試組表現出注意引導效應，但搜索慢的被試組則表現出相反的注意拒絕效應。實驗2發現當采用更為突顯的靶子刺激時，首次注視點百分率指標上表現出的注意引導效應并未受到視覺搜索靶子顯著性的影響，甚至還表現出一定的優先性。這些結果表明認知控制在工作記憶表征引導視覺注意的過程中所起的作用是動態變化的，視覺搜索早期注意定向階段的注意引導效應比較穩健，認知控制只能減弱其效應的量值，而在隨后的視覺搜索過程中，當視覺搜索比較緩慢時，認知控制可能會將注意引導效應反轉為相反的注意拒絕效應。

The biased competition model of attention proposes that stimuli in visual scene compete for attentional selection with the ‘winner’ gaining control of both perceptual and response systems. The activation of relevant object features in working memory(WM) biases neural activity in specific brain regions that encode those particular features so that the object could win the competition and get the priority of attention. In decades, researchers have found that irrelevant representations in working memory(WM) could guide visual attention bias to the distractors that sharing the features of the WM representations in visual search task. However, the issue whether the cognitive control could modulate the process of attentional guidance was controversial yet. Here, we adopted the eye movement tracking technique to examine(1) whether the cognitive control made the participants intentionally inhibit or reject the bias of attention towards the WM matched distractor and(2) when did cognitive control play the role in the processing of attentional guidance. The participants in the present study were asked to search for a target among three distractors while holding a colored shape online in WM. During the visual search task, the item in WM either reappeared as one of the distractors in half of trials or did not reappear in other half of trials. Most importantly, at the beginning of the experiment, all the participants were indefinitely informed that the WM item could never reappear as target in visual search task and they could adopt the ‘rejecting’ or ‘inhibiting’ strategy to bias attention away towards such distractor so as to facilitate the efficiency of visual search. Both the eye movement deployment and the response time(RT) were recorded while the participants performing the visual search task. The results of experiment 1 showed that, when using the easy visual search task, an obviously attentional guidance effect was observed for both the first fixation proportion and RTs, and such effect was not affected by the visual search speed. However, when using the difficult visual search task, the results of the first fixation proportion showed an significant attentional guidance effect, and the magnitudes were significantly greater for the participants who searched fast(fast group) than for those who searched slowly(slow group). In contrast, the results of RTs failed to obtain any above attentional guidance effect, and the further analysis indicated that this null effect was due to the opposite attentioanl bias pattern represented for two groups of visual search speed, i.e., attentional guidance pattern for fast group and attentional rejection pattern for slow group. The results of experiment 2 found the attentional guidance remain robust at the early stage when the more prominent visual search target was adopted. Most importantly, the attentional guidance was stable even when the WM matched distractor directly competed with the prominent search target. In conclusion, the results showed that the attentional guidance from WM representation was dynamically changed along with the process of visual search and the cognitive control could modulate the attentional guidance effect only when the visual search was so slowly that the time for cognitive control working was sufficient. The modulation of cognitive control could weaken the magnitudes of attentional guidance effect at the early stage of visual search task and reverse the attentional bias pattern from guidance to rejection in the following processes of visual search task.