參考文獻
1.于卓民(2000),國際企業環境與管理,頁208,台北:華泰文化。
2.吳青松(1996),國際企業管理-理論與實務,頁277-314,台北:智勝文化。
3.李智賢(1997),多國籍企業對海外子公司施行控制機制-以台灣赴大陸投資之企業為例,
國立中央大學資訊管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
4.何志峰(1998),「宏�硍偎庛饇窶梒握完B作模式-主從架構之評析」,第二屆台灣本土企
業個案發表暨研討會,中山大學主辦,頁381-398。
5.林麗娟(1995),台灣地區國際合資動機、貢獻及管理機制之研究,國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。
6.洪清溪(1996), 合資事業控制與績效關係之研究-以中日合資事業為例,國立中山大學企
業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
7.孫啟能(1997),我國多國籍企業內部網路連結型態與控制機制之研究,大葉工學院事業經
營研究所未出版博士論文。
8.黃俊英、林震岩(1994),SAS精析與實例,台北:華泰文化。
9.曾紀幸(1995),多國籍企業在台子公司網網路組織型態及其母公司管理機制之選擇,國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。
10.曾紀幸、司徒達賢、于卓民(1998),「多國籍企業網路組織類型與管理機制選擇之關係
-在台外商公司之產品交易實證研究」,管理學報,15(1),頁6-19。
11.趙郁文(2000),國際企業管理-系統化理論與分析,頁200-201,台北:華泰文化。
12.Allen, T. (1977), Managing the Flow of Technology, Boston, Mass.: MIT Press.
13.Anderson, E. and H. Gatignon (1986), “Modes of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Propositions”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 17(3), pp. 1-26.
14.Argyris, C. and D. A. Schon (1978), Organization Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
15.Astley, W. G. and C. J. Fombrun (1983), “Collective Strategy Social Ecology of Organizational Environments”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 8, pp. 576-587.
16.Badaracoo, J. L. (1991), The Knowledge Link: How Firm Compete Through Strategic Alliances, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School.
17.Baliga, B. R. and A. M. Jaeger (1984),“Multinational Corporations: Control Systems and Delegation Issues”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 15(2), pp. 25-40.
18.Bandura, A. (1977), Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs NJ. : Prentice-Hall.
19.Baranson, J. (1990), “Transnational Strategic Alliances: Why, What, Where and How”, Multinational Business, Vol. 2, pp. 54-61.
20.Barney, J. B. (1991), “Firm Resource and Sustained Competitive Advantage”, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp. 99-120.
21.Bartlett, C. A. and S. Ghoshal (1989), Managing Across Boarders, Cambridge: HBS Press, M. A.
22.Bartunek, J. M. (1984), “Changing Interpretive Schemes and Organizational Restructuring: The Example of a Religious Order”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, pp. 355-372.
23.Beamish, P. W. (1987), “Joint Venture in LDCs: Partner Selection and Performance”, Management International Review, Vol. 27, pp. 23-38.
24._____________ and J. C. Banks (1987),“Equity Joint Ventures and the Theory of the Multinational Enterprise”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 18, pp. 1-16.
25._____________ and A. C. Inkpen (1995), “Keeping International Joint Venture Stable and Profitable”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 28(3), pp. 26-36.
26.Bennett, J. K and N. J. O’Brine (1994), “The Building Blocks of the Learning Organization”, Training, Vol. 31(6), pp. 41-49.
27.Beyer, J. M. (1981), “Ideologies, Values and Decision Making in Organization”, In Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck (Eds.) Handbook of Organization Design (Vol. 2, pp. 166-202). NY: Oxford University Press.
28.Blodgett, L. L. (1991), “Partner Contributions as Predictors of Equity Shares in International Joint Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 63-78.
29.___________ (1992),“Factors in the Instability of International Joint Ventures: An Event history Analysis”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13(6), pp. 475-481.
30.Brown, J. S. and P. Duguid (1991), “Organizational Learning and Communities-of-practice”, Organization Science, Vol. 2(1), pp. 40-57.
31.Burgelman, R. A. (1983), “A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28, pp. 223-224.
32.Chandler, A. (1990), Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capi talism, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard/Belknap.
33.Cheng, J. L. C. and W. Mckinley (1993), “Toward an Integration of Organization Research and Practice: A Contingency Study of Bureaucratic Control and Performance in Scientific Settings”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, pp. 85-100.
34.Child, J. (1973), “Strategies of Control and Organizational Behavior”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp. 1-17.
35._______, Y. Yan and Y. Lu (1997), “Ownership and Control in Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures”, In Cooperative Strategies: Asian Pacific Perspectives. Beamish P. W. Killing J. P. (eds). New Lexington Press: San Francisco, CA; pp. 181-225.
36.Christelow, D. B. (1987), “International Joint Ventures: The Important are They ?”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Summer, pp. 7-14.
37.Chowdhury, J. (1992),“Performance of International Joint Ventures and Wholly Owned Foreign Subsidiaries: A Comparative Perspective”, Management International Review, Vol. 28, pp. 5-18.
38.Ciborra, C. (1991),“Alliances as Learning Experiences: Cooperation, Competition and Change in High-tech Industries”, In Strategic Partnerships and the World Economy. L. Mytelka (Ed.) pp. 51-77. London: Pinter.
39.Cohen, W. and D. Levinthal (1989), “Innovation and Learning: The Two faces of R & D”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 99, pp. 569-596.
40._______________________ (1990),“Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, pp. 128-152.
41.Cohen, E. (1994), “Organizational Learning and Change in a Public Child Welfare Agency”, Administration in Social Work, Vol. 18(1), pp. 1-19.
42.Contractor, F. J. (1990), “Ownership Patterns of U.S. Joint Ventures Abraad and the Liberalization of Foreign Government Regulations in the 1980s: Evidence from the Benchmark Surveys”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21(1), pp. 55-73.
43._______________ and P. Lorange (1988), “Why Should Firms Cooperate?The Strategy and Economics Basis for Cooperative Ventures”, In Contractor, F. J. and P. Lorange (eds.) Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
44.Corsini, R. (1987), Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, New York: Wiley.
45.Croese, D. (1989), Financiering en Strategische Samenwerking, Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom BedrijfsInformatie.
46.Curhan, J. P., W. H. Davidson and R. Suri (1977), Tracing the Multinationals: A Source Book on U.S.-based Enterprises, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
47.Daft, R. L. (2001), Organization Theory and Design, South-Western College Publishing.
48._________ and K. E. Weick (1984), “Toward A Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, pp. 284-295.
49.D’Aveni, R. A. (1994), Hypercompetition, Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering, The Free Press: New York.
50.De Monchaux, S B. (1993), Organizational Learning: The Fit between Theory and Behavior, Doctorial Dissertation, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
51.Demsetz, H. (1991), “The Theory of the Firm Revisited”, The Nature of the Firm, pp. 159-178.
52.Dodgson, M. (1993), “Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures”, Organizational Studies, Vol. 14(3), pp. 375-394.
53.Doz, Y. L. and C. K. Prahalad (1981), “Headquarters Influence and Strategic Control in MNCs”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 23(1), pp. 15-29.
54.__________________________ (1984),“Patterns of Strategic Control Within Mnltinational Corporations”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 15(2), pp. 55-72.
55.Drucker, P. F. (1995), “The Network Society”, Wall Street Journal, Vol. 29(1), A12.
56.Dumbleton, J. (1986), Management of High Technology R & D, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
57.Duncan, R. B. (1974),“Modifications in Decision Structure in Adapting to the Environment: Some Implications for Organizational Learning”, Decision Sciences, pp. 705-725.
58.Dutton, J. and R. Duncan (1982),“Sense-making and Organizational Adaptation”, Working paper, Northwestern University, J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management.
59._________________________ (1983),“The Creation of Momentum for Change through the Process of Organizational Sensemaking”, Unpublished manuscript, Graduate School of Business Management, New York University.
60.Dyer, J. H. and H. Singh (1998), “The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advanage”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, pp. 660-679.
61.Edstrom, A. and J. R. Gailbraith (1977), “Transfer of Manager as a Coordination and Control Strategy in Multinational Organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, pp. 248-263.
62.Egelhoff, W. G. (1984),“Patterns of Control U.S., UK, and European Multinational Corporations”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 15(2), pp. 73-83.
63.______________ (1988), Organizing the Multinational Enterprise: An Informatiom-processing Perspective, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA.
64.Eisenhardt, K. M. and C. B. Schoonhoven (1996), “Resource-based View of Strategic Alliance Formation: Strategic and Social Effects in Entrepreneurial Firms”, Organizational Science, Vol. 7(2), pp. 136-150.
65.Evans P. and L. Lorange (1989), “The Two Logics Behind Human Resource Management”, In Human Resource Management in International Firms, ed. Evans, Doz and Laurent.
66.Finkelstein, S. (1997), “Interindustry Merger Patterns and Resource Dependence: A Replication and Extension of Pfeffer (1972)”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18(10), pp. 787-802.
67.Fiol, C. M. and M. A. Lyles (1985), “Organizational Learning”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, pp. 803-813.
68.Franko, L. G. (1971), Joint Venture Survival in Multinational Corporations, New York: Praeger.
69.___________(1987),“New Forms of Investment in Developing Countries by US Companies: A Five Industry Comparison”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 22(2), pp. 39-56.
70.___________(1989),“Use of Minority and 50-50 Joint Ventures by United States Multinationals During the 1970s: The Interaction of Host Country Policies and Corporate Strategies”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 20(1), pp. 19-40.
71.Galbraith, J. R. (1973), Designing Complex Organizations, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
72.Galer, G. and K. Van Der Heijden (1992), “The Learning Organizations: How Planners Great Organizational Learning”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 10(6), pp. 5-12.
73.Garratt, R. (1987), The Learning Organization, London: Fontana/Collins.
74.Garvin, D. A. (1993), “Building a Learning Organization”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 78-91.
75.Gencturk, E. F. and P. S. Aulakh (1995), “The Use of Process and Output Controls in Foreign Markets”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 26(4), pp. 755-784.
76.Geringer, J. M. and L. Hebert (1989),“Control and Performance of International Joint Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 20(2), pp. 235-254.
77.________________________(1991),“Measuring Performance of International Joint Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 22(2), pp. 253-267.
78.Gencturk, E. F. and P. S. Aulakh (1995),“The Use of Process and Output Controls in Foreign Markets”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 26(4), pp. 755-786.
79.Gomes-Casseres, B. (1989),“Ownership Structures of Foreign Subsidiaries”, a Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 11, pp. 1-25.
80.Govindarajan, V. and J. Fisher (1988),“Strategy Control System, and Resource Sharing: Effects on Business-Unit Performance”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33, pp. 259-285.
81.Grant, R. M. (1996), “Prospering in Dynamically-competitive Environments: Organizational Capability As Knowledge Integration”, Organization Science, Vol. 7, pp. 375-388.
82.__________ (1996), “Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 109-122.
83._________ and C. Baden-Fuller (1995), “A Knowledge-based Theory of Inter-firm Collaboration”, Best Paper Academy of Management Proceedings, Vancouver.
84.Gray, B. and A. Yan (1992), “A Negotiations Model of Joint Venture Formation, Structure and Performance: Implications for Global Management”, Advances in International Comparative Management, Vol. 7, pp. 41-75.
85.Grayson Jr., C. J. and C. S. O’Dell (1998), “Mining Your Hidden Resources”, Across the Board, April., pp. 23-28.
86.Gronhaug, G. (1977),“Water to Spain: An Export Decision Analyzed in the Context of Organization Learning”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 14, pp. 26-33.
87.Groot, T. L.C.M. and K. A. Merchant (2000), “Control of International Joint Ventures”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 25, pp. 579-607.
88.Gupta, A. K. and V. Govindarajan (1991), “Diverse Value Chain Configurations for Foreign Subsidiaries: Implications for Strategic Control Within MNCs”, paper presented at Academy of Management Meeting.
89.Hagedoorn, J. and J. Schakenraad (1994), “The Effect of Strategic Technology Alliances on Company Performance”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15(4), pp. 291-309.
90.Hair, J. F., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham and W. C. Black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis (5th), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
91.Hamel, G., Y. Doz and C. K. Prahalad (1989), “Collaborate With Your Competitors and Win”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 67, pp. 133-139.
92.Hamel, G. (1991), “Competition for Competence and Inter-partner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, pp. 83-104.
93.________ and C. K. Prahalad (1994), Competing for the Future, Boston.
94.Hamilton, R. D. and R. K. Kashlak (1999),“National Influences on Multinational Corporation Control System Selection”, Management International Review, Vol. 39(2), pp. 167-189.
95.Harrigan, K. R. (1984), “Joint Ventures and Global Strategies”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 19, pp. 7-13.
96._____________ (1986), Managing for Joint Venture Success, Lexington, mass.: Lexington Books.
97._____________ (1988), “Joint Ventures and Competitive Strategy”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 141-158.
98._____________ and W. Newman (1990), “Bases of Interorganization Cooperation: Propensity, Power, Persistence”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 417-434.
99.Hebert, L. (1994), “Division of Control: Relationship Dynamics and Joint Venture Performance”, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
100.Hedberg, B. (1981), “How Organizations Learn and Unlearn ?”, In P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck (Eds.), Handbook of Organizatonal Design (pp. 8-27), London: Oxford University Press.
101.__________, P. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck (1976), “Camping on Seesaws: Prescriptions for a Self-Designing Organization”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 41-65.
102.Hennart, Jean-Francois. (1988), “A Transaction Cost Theory of Equity Joint Ventures”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9(4), pp. 36-74.
103.___________________ (1991), “The Transaction Costs Theory of Joint Venture: An Empirical Study of Japanese Subsidiaries in the United State”, Management Science, Vol. 37, pp. 483-497.
104.___________________ (1991), “Control in Multinational Firms: The Role of Price and Hierarchy”, Management International Review, Vol. 31, pp. 71-96.
105.Hill, C. W. L. and G. R. Jones (1998), Strategic Management Theory, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
106.Hill, R. C. and D. Hellriegel (1994), “Critical Contingencies in Joint Venture Management: Some Lessons from Managers”, Organization Science, Vol. 54(4), pp. 594-607.
107.Hobday, M. (1990), Telecommunications in Developing Countries: The Challenge from Brazil, London: Routledge.
108.Hodge, B. J., W. P. Anthony and L. M. Gales (2003), Organization Theory (6th), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
109.Huber, G. P. (1991), “Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and Literatures”, Organization Science, Vol. 2(1), pp. 88-117.
110.Hung, C. L. (1992), “Strategic Business Alliances Between Canada and the Newly Industrialized Countries of Pacific Asia”, Management International Review, pp. 345-361.
111.Inkpen, A. C. and M. M. Crossan (1995), “Believing is Seeing: Joint Ventures and Organization Learning”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 32, pp. 595-618.
112.Inkpen, A. C. (1996), “Creating Knowledge through Collaboration”, California Management Review, Vol. 39(1), pp. 123-140.
113._____________ (2000), “Learning through Joint Ventures: A Framework of Knowledge Acquisition”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 1019-1043.
114.Inkpen, A. C. and A. Dinur (1998), “Knowledge Management Processes and International Joint Ventures”, Organization Science, Vol. 9, pp. 454-468.
115.Jaeger, A. M. (1982),“Contrasting Control Modes in the Multinational Corporation: Theory, Practice, and Implications”, International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 12(1), pp. 59-82.
116.______________ and B. R. Baliga (1985), “Control System and Strategic Adaptation: Lessons from Japanese Experience”, Strategic management Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 115-134.
117.Jarillo, J. C. and J. I. Martinez (1990), “Different Roles for Subsidiaries: The Case of Multinational Corporations in Spain”, Strategic management Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 501-512.
118.Jashapara, A. (1993), “The Competitive Learning Organization: A Quest for Loly Grail”, Management Decision, Vol. 31(8), pp. 5-15.
119.Jelinek, M. (1979), Institutionalizing Innovations: A Study of Organizational Learning Systems, New York: Praeger.
120.Jones, G. R. (2001), Organizational Theory-Text and Cases (3th), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
121.Kanter, R. (1989), When Giants Learn to Dance, London: Simon and Schuster.
122.Katz, R. and T. J. Allen (1988), “Organizational Issues in the Introduction of New Technologies”, In R. Katz (ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations, MA: Ballinger, pp. 442-456.
123._______ and M. L. Tushman (1980), “External Communication and Project Performance: An Investigation Into the Role of Gatekeepers”, Management Science, Vol. 26, pp. 1071-1085.
124.Kets de Vries, M. and D. Miller (1984), “Neurotic Style and Organizational Pathology”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, pp. 35-55.
125.Khanna, T., R. Gulati and N. Nohria (1998), “The Dynamics of Learning Alliances: Competition, Cooperation, and Relative Scope”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 193-210.
126.Killing, P. (1983), Strategies or Joint Venture Success, New York: Praeger.
127.Kim, D. H. (1993), “The Link between Individual and Organizational Learning”, Sloan Management Review, 35(1), pp. 37-50.
128.__________, P. Hwang and W. P. Burgers (1993), “Multinationals’ Diversification and Risk-return Trade-off”, Strategic Management Journal, 14(4), pp. 275-286.
129.Kogut, B. (1988), “Joint Venture: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 319-331.
130.________ and U. Zander (1992), “Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology”, Organization Science, Vol. 3(3), pp. 383-397.
131.Kukalis, S. and M. Jungemann (1995), “Strategic Planning for a Joint Venture”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 28(3), pp. 46-57.
132.Kumar, S. and A. Seth (1998), “The Design of Coordination and Control Mechanisms for Managing Joint Venture-Parent Relationships”, Strategic management Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 579-599.
133.Lambe, C. J. and R. Spekman (1997), “Alliances, External Technology Acquisition, and discontinuous Technological Change”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, pp. 102-116.
134.Lawrence, P. R. and D. Dyer (1983), Renewing American Industry, New York: Free Press.
135.Lecraw, D. J. (1984), “Bargaining Power, Ownership, and Profitability of Transnational Corporation in Developing Countries”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 15(1), pp. 27-43.
136.Leifer, R. and P. K. Mills (1996),“An Information Processing Approach for Deciding upon Control Strategies and Reducing Control Loss in Emerging Organizations”, Journal of Management, Vol. 22(1), pp. 113-137.
137.Levinthal, D. A. (1991), “Organizational Adaptation and Environmental Selection-Interrelated Processes of Change”, Organization Science, Vol. 2, pp. 140-145.
138.Levitt, B. and J. G. March (1988), “Organizational Learning”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 14, pp. 319-340.
139.Liebeskind, J. P., A. L. Oliver, L. Zucker and M. Brewer (1996), “Social Networks, Learning and Flexibility: The Structure and Processes of A Regional Learning Organization”, Organization Science, Vol. 7, pp. 428-443.
140.Lipshitz, R., M. Popper and S. Oz (1996), “Building Learning Organizations: The Design and Implementation of Organizational Learning Mechanisms”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 32(3), pp. 292-305.
141.Lyles, M. A. (1988), “Learning among Joint Venture Sophisticated Firms”, Management International Review, Vol. 28, pp. 85-98.
142.__________ (1994), “The Impact of Organizational Learning on Joint Venture Formations”, International Business Review, Vol. 3(4), pp. 459-467.
143.__________ and C. R. Schwenk (1992), “Top Management, Strategy and Organizational Knowledge Structures”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 29(2), pp. 155-174.
144.__________ and J. E. Salk (1996), “Knowledge Acquisition from Foreign Parents in International Joint Ventures: An Empirical Examination in the Hungarian Context”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27(5), Special Issue, pp. 877-903.
145.Lyons, M. P. (1991), “Joint-ventures As Strategic Choice-A Literature Review”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 24(4), pp. 130-144.
146.Makhija, M. V. and U. Ganesh (1997), “The Relationship Between Control and Partner Learning in Learning-related Joint Ventures”, Organization Science, Vol. 5, pp. 508-520.
147.Makino, S. and A. Delios (1996), “Local Knowledge Transfer and Performance: Implications for Alliance Formation in Asia”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27(5), Special Issue, pp. 905-927.
148.____________ and P. W. Beamish (1998), “Performance and Survival of Joint Ventures with Non-Conventional Ownership Structures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 29(4), pp. 797-818.
149.Marceau, J. (1992), Reworking the World: Organization, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective, Berlin: De Gruyter.
150.March, J. G. (1991), “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning”, Organization Science, Vol. 2, pp. 71-87.
151.___________, L. S. Sproull and M. Tamuz (1991), “Learning from Samples of Ones or Fewer”, Organization Science, Vol. 2, pp. 1-13.
152.___________ and J. P. Olsen (1975), “The Uncertainty of the Past: Organizational Learning under Ambiguity”, European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 3, pp. 147-171.
153.Marquardt, M. J. (1996), Building the Learning Organization: A System Approach to Quantum Improvement and Global Success, London: McGraw-Hill.
154.Martinez, J. I. and J. C. Jarillo (1989),“The Evolution of Research on Coordination Mechanisms in Multinational Corporations”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 20(3), pp. 489-514.
155.Martinez, J. I. and J. C. Jarillo (1991),“Coordination Demands of International Strategies”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 22(3), pp. 429-444.
156.Martiz, J. (1982),“Stories and Scripts in Organizational Settings”, In A. Hastorf and A. Isen (Eds.) Cognitive Social Psychology (pp. 225-305), New York: Elsevier-North Holland.
157.McDermott, R. (1999), “Why Information Technology Inspired But Cannot Deliver Knowledge Management”, California Management Review, Vol. 41(4), pp. 103-117.
158.Meyer, A. (1982), “Adapting to Environmental Jolts”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 27, pp. 515-537.
159.Miles, R. E. and C. C. Snow (1978), Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process, New York: McGraw-Hill.
160.Miller, D. and P. H. Friesen (1980), “Momentum and revolution in Organization Adaptation”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 591-614.
161.Miner, A. S. and S. J. Mezias (1996), “Ugly Duckling No More: Pasts and Futures of Organizational Learning Research”, Organization Science, Vol. 7, pp. 88-99.
162.Mitroff, I. I. and R. H. Kilmann (1976), “On Organization Stories: An Approach to the Design and Analysis of Organizations through Myths and Stories”, In R. H. Kilmann, L. R. Pondy and D. P. Slevin (Eds.) Management of Organization Design (Vol. 1, pp. 189-207), New York: Elsevier-North Holland.
163.Mjoen, H. and S. Tallman (1997), “Control and Performance in International Joint Ventures”, Organization Science, Vol. 8(3), pp. 257-274.
164.Mody, A. (1990), “Learning through Alliances”, Washington: The World Bank.
165.Morgan, G. and R. Ramirez (1983), “Action Learning: A Holographic Metaphor for Guiding Social Change”, Human Relations, Vol. 37, pp. 1-28.
166.Mowery, D. C. (1981), “The Emergence and Growth of Industrial Research in American Manufacturing, 1899-1946”, Mimeo, Stanford University, Stanford.
167.____________, J. E. Oxley and B. S. Silverman (1996), “Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, Special Issue, Winter, pp. 77-92.
168.Nevis, E. C., A. J. DiBella and J. M. Gould (1995), “Understanding Organzations as Learning Systems”, Sloan Management Review, 4, pp. 32-51.
169.Newburry, W. and Y. Zeira (1999), “Autonomy and Effectiveness of Equity International Joint Ventures: An Analysis Base on EIJV’s in Hungary and Britain”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 36(2), pp. 263-285.
170.Nobel, R. and J. Birkinshaw (1998), “Innovation in Multinational Corporations: Control and Communication Patterns in International R & D Operations”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 479-496.
171.Nonaka, I. (1994), “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge”, Organization Science, Vol. 5, pp. 14-37.
172.Nonaka, I. and H. Takeuchi (1995), The Knowledge-creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 8-9.
173.Nunnally, J. C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.
174.Nystrom, P. C. and W. H. Starbuck (1984), “To Avoid Organization Crisis, Unlearn”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 12(4), pp. 53-65.
175.Osland, G. E. and T. Cavusgil (1998), “The Use of Multiple-Party Perspectives in International Joint Venture Research”, Management International Review, Vol. 38(3), pp. 191-202.
176.Ouchi, W. G. and M. A. Maguire (1975),“Organizational Control: Two Functions”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 4, pp. 559-571.
177.Ouchi, W. G. (1977), “The Relationship between Organzational Structure and Organizational Control”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 24, pp. 833-848.
178.____________ (1979),“A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanism”, Management Science, Vol. 3, pp. 833-838.
179.____________ (1980),“Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 1, pp. 129-141.
180.Pan, Y. (1996),“Influences on Foreign Equity Ownership Level in Joint Ventures in China”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27(1), pp. 1-26.
181.Parkhe, A. (1993), “Partner Nationality and the Structure-performance Relationships in Strategic Alliances”, Organization Science, Vol. 4, pp. 301-314.
182.Pedler, M., T. Boydell, and J. Burgoyne (1989), “Towards the Learning Company”, Management Education and Development, Vol. 20(1), pp. 1-8.
183.Pennings, J. M., H. Barkema and S. Douma (1994), “Organizational Learning and Diversification”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37, pp. 608-640.
184.Peteraf, M. (1993), “The Cornerstone of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-based View”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 179-191.
185.Peters, T. and R. Waterman (1982), In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best Run Companies, New York: Harper and Row.
186.Pfeffer, J. (1981), “Management as Symbolic Action: The Creation and Maintenance of Organizational Paradigms”, In L. L. Cummings and B. M. Shaw (Eds.) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 1-52) Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
187.Pfeffer, J. and G. R. Salancik (1978), The External Control of Organizations, New York: Harper and Row.
188.Picot, A. (1982), “Transaktionskostenansatz-Stand der Diskussion und Aussagewert”, DBW, Vol. 2, pp. 255-274.
189._______ , T. Ripperger and B. Wolff (1996), “The Fading Boundaries of the Firm: The Role of Information and Communication Technology”, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 152, pp. 65-79.
190.Polanyi, M. (1967), The Tacit Dimension, New York: Doubleday & Company.
191.Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: The Free Press.
192.__________ (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York: The Free Press.
193.__________ (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: The Free Press.
194.Powell, W. W., K. W. Koput and L. Smith-Doerr (1996), “Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41, pp. 116-145.
195.Prahalad, C. K. and R. A. Bettis (1986), “The Dominant Logic: A New Linkage Between Diversity and Performance”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 7(6), pp. 485-501.
196.Pucik, V. (1988), “Strategic Alliances, Organizational Learning, and Competitive Advantage: The HRM Agenda”, Human Resource Management, Vol. 27(1), pp. 77-93.
197.Purser, R. E. and W. A. Pasmore (1992), “Organizing for Learning”, In Pasmore, W. A. and R. W. Woodman (ed) Research in Organization Change and Develop, London: JIA Press Inc., pp. 37-114.
198.Richter, Frank-Jurgen and K. Vettel (1995), “Successful Joint Ventures in Japan: Transferring Knowledge through Organizational Learning”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 28(3), pp. 37-45.
199.Robbins, T. L. (1992), “Designing More Functional Organizations: The 12 Step Models”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 5(4), pp. 41-58.
200.___________ (1994), “Meaningfulness and Community in the Classroom: The Role of Teamwork in Business Education”, Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 69(6), pp. 312-324.
201.Robbins, S. P. (2000), Managing Today (2th), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., pp. 119-120.
202.Root, F. R. (1988), “Some Taxonomies of Cooperative Arrangements”, in F. Contractor and P. Lorange (Eds.), Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
203.Rosenberg, N. (1982), Inside the Block Box: Technology and Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
204.Roth, K., D. Schweiger and A. J. Morrison (1991),“Global Strategy Implementation at the Business Unit Level: Operational Capabilities and Administrative Mechanisms”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 22(3), pp. 361-394.
205.Roth, K. and D. Nigh (1992),“The Effectiveness of Headquarters-subsidiary Relationships: The Role of Coordination, Control, and Conflict”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 25(4), pp. 277-301.
206.Sako, M. (1992), Prices, Quality and Trust: How Japanese and British Companies Manage Buyer-supplier Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
207.Salk, J. E. (1992),“Shared Management Joint Ventures: Their Developmental Patterns, Challenges and Possibilities”, Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
208.Saelens, F. H. (1982), “Partner Choice and Linkage Characteristics of International Joint Ventures in Japan: An Exploratory Analysis of the Inorganic Chemicals Sector”, Management International Review, Vol. 22(2), pp. 20-29.
209.Schaan, J. L. (1983), “Parent Control and joint Venture Success: The Case of Mexico”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
210.Schein, E. H. (1983), “Organizational Culture”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 12, pp. 13-28.
211.___________ (1985), Organizational Culture and Leadership, San francisco: Jossey-Bass.
212.Senge, P. (1990), The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of Learning Organizations, New York: Doubleday/Currency Publishing.
213.__________ (1990), “The Leader’s New Work: Building Learning Organizations”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 32(1), pp. 7-23.
214.__________ (1994), “Learning to Alter Mental Models”, Executive Excellence, Vol. 11(3), pp. 16-17.
215.Shenkar, O. and Y. Zeira (1987), “Human Resources Management in International Joint Ventures: Directions for Research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, pp. 546-557.
216.Shrivastava, P. (1981), “Strategic Decision Making Process: The Influence of Organizational Learning and Experience”, Unpublished Doctorial Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.
217.____________ and I. I. Mitroff (1982), “Frames of Reference Managers Use: A Study in Applied Sociology of Knowledge”, In R. Lamb (Ed.) Advances in Strategic Management (pp. 161-182). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
218.____________ and J. H. Grant (1985), “Empirically Derived Models of Strategic Decision-making Processes”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 99-113.
219.____________ and S. Schneider (1984), “Organizational Frames of Reference”, Human Relations, Vol. 37, pp. 795-807.
220.Si, S. X. and G. D. Bruton (1999), “Knowledge Transfer in International Joint Ventures in Transitional Economics: The China Experience”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13(1), pp. 83-90.
221.Simon, H. A. (1969), Sciences of the Artificial, Cambridge, MA:M.I.T. Press.
222.Simonin, B. L. (1997), “The Importance of Collaborative Know-How: An Empirical Test of the Learning Organization”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, pp. 1150-1174.
223.Slater, S. F. and J. C. Narver (1995), “Market Orientation and The Learning Organization”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, pp. 63-74.
224.Snell, S. A. (1992), “Control Theory in Strategic Human Resource Management: The Mediating Effect of Administrative Information”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 35(2), pp. 292-327.
225.Spender, J. C. (1996b), “Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue, pp. 45-62.
226.Starbuck, W. H. (1983), “Organizations as Action Generators”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, pp. 91-102.
227._____________, A. Greve and B. Hedberg (1978), “Responding to Crisis”, Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 9(2), pp. 112-137.
228.Stinchcombe, A. (1990), Information and Organizations, Berkeley: University of California Press.
229.Stopford, J. M. and L. Wells (1972), Managing the Multinational Enterprise, New York: Basic Books.
230.Swieringa, J. and A. Wierdsma (1992), Becoming a Learning Organization: Beyond the Learning Curve, Massachusetts: Addsion-Wesley.
231.Szulanski, G. (1993), “Intra-firm Transfer of Best Practice, Appropriative Capabilities, and Organizational Barriers to Appropriation”, In D. P. Moore, editor, Academy of Management best papers Proceedings 1993 47-51. 53rd Annual Meeting, Atlanta Georgia, August 8-11.
232.Tannebaum, A. S. (1968), The Social Psychology of Work Organization, CA: Brooks-Cole.
233.Tomlinson, J. W. C. (1970), The Joint Venture Process in International Business: India and Pakistan, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
234.Tsang, E. W. K. (2002), “Acquiring Knowledge by Foreign Partners from International Joint Ventures in a Transition Economy: Learning-by-Doing and Learning Myopia”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23(9), pp. 835-854.
235.Twiss, B. (1986), Managing Technological Innovation (3rd), London: Pitman.
236.Van De Ven, A. H. and M. S. Poole (1990), “Methods for Studying Innovation Development in the Minnesota Innovation Research Program”, Organization Science, Vol. 1, pp. 313-335.
237.Venkatraman, N. (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11(4), pp. 801-814.
238.Vernon, R. (1983), “Organization and Institutional Response to International Risk”, In R. Herring edition, Managing International Risk, NY: Cambridge University Press.
239.Von Hippel, E. (1988), The Sources of Innovation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
240.Von Krogh, J. R. George and K. Slocum (1994), “An Essay on Corporate Epistemology”, Strategic Management Journal, 15(Special Issue), pp. 53-71.
241.Watkins, K. E. and V. J. Marsick (1993), Sculpting the Learning Organization: Lessons in the Art and Science of Systemic Change, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
242.Weick, K. E. (1979), Social Psychology of Organizing, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
243.______________ and K. H. Roberts (1993), “Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight Decks”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 38(3), pp. 357-381.
244.Wernerfelt, B. (1984), “A Resource-based View of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, pp. 171-180.
245.Westney, D. E. (1988), “Domestic and foreign Learning Curves in Managing International Cooperative Strategies”, In Contractor, F. J. and Lorange, P. (Eds), Cooperative Strategies International Business, Toronto: Lexington Books, pp. 339-346.
246.Whipp, T., R. Rosenfeld and A. Pettigrew (1990), Culture and Competitiveness: Evidence from Mature U.K. Industries, Warwick: University of Warwick Centre for Corporate Strategy and Change.
247.Williamson, O. E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, New York.
248._______________(1991), “Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 36, pp. 269-296.
249.Womack, J., D. Jones and D. Roos (1990), The Machine That Changed the World, New York: Rawson Ass.
250.Woodcock, C. P., P. W. Beamish and S. Makino (1994),“Ownership-based Entry Mode Strategies and International Performance”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 25(2), pp. 253-273.
251.Yan, A. and B. Gray (1994),“Bargaining Power, Management Control, and Performance in United States-Chinese Joint Ventures: A Comparative Case Study”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37(6), pp. 1487-1517.
252.Youssef, S. M. (1975), “Contextual Factors Influencing Control Strategy of Multinational Corporations”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 18(1), pp. 136-145.