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題名:研發團隊成員社會網絡與技術創新關係之研究
作者:洪正明
作者(外文):Chen-Ming Hung
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:陳銘薰
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:社會網絡技術創新集中度社會鑲嵌社會連帶任務複雜度專屬資產Social NetworkTechnological InnovationNetwork CentralitySocial EmbeddednessSocial TiesJob ComplexityAsset Specificity
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本研究將社會網絡分析理論應用到技術創新領域,對研發團隊成員進行社會網絡與技術創新關係的質性與定量調查研究。目的在以社會網絡觀點解釋研發團隊成員技術創新行為。
創新思維通常來自外在事物與不同領域的激發。傳統上,以面對面教導與師承等學習方式,執行技術的儲存、傳遞、整合、應用,不易激發創新思維。新的技術管理強調研發團隊成員以社會網絡為技術儲存、傳遞、整合、與創新應用的平台,社會網絡結構,是決定技術創新的主要機制。因此本研究進一步以社會網絡觀點探討技術網絡與技術創新的關係,釐清社會網絡結構之集中程度、鑲嵌程度等特性,對研發團隊成員技術創新績效的影響,建構社會網絡影響技術創新的機制,以及任務複雜度、資產專屬性二項控制變數,對此關係調節效果的理論模型。
先以質性研究將研發團隊成員之社會網絡分為工作、諮詢、信任三個成分,將社會鑲嵌分為結構鑲嵌與關係鑲嵌兩構面,其中結構鑲嵌是指組織控制程度,關係鑲嵌包含工作連帶、諮詢連帶、信任連帶。並推論任務複雜度與由年資、專利所組成的專屬資產具有調節效果。研究假說包含研發團隊成員社會網絡集中度、鑲嵌度對技術創新的影響,以及交易屬性對此關係的調節作用。
依社會網絡理論將集中度與鑲嵌度設為自變數,參考交易成本理論將任務複雜度與資產專屬性兩項交易屬性設為調節變數。透過訪談問卷蒐集研究資料,評估各變數的影響模式,為避免外生變數影響研究結果,以具有濃厚創新性質的台灣IC設計產業為母體,以常數化方法降低外生變數的影響。
研究結果顯示,研發團隊成員之社會網絡結構鑲嵌程度與技術創新成效的關係不顯著。研發團隊成員集中度、關係鑲嵌之程度愈高,技術創新成效愈好,任務複雜度、資產專屬性分別對網絡集中度、關係鑲嵌程度與技術創新成效的關係具調節效果。
檢定數據顯示工作、諮詢、信任三個社會網絡集中度、關係鑲嵌度愈高則技術創新的程度愈高。以任務複雜度、專屬資產與集中度、鑲嵌度的交互作用變項所進行的調節變數檢定,其β、R2與P值均確可解釋任務複雜度與專屬資產的調節作用。
對技術創新而言,集中度與關係鑲嵌程度等非正式的社會網絡特性比正式的組織控制結構更具影響力;
在創新管理應用上,企業可應用本研究提出理論與實務意涵,參考技術網絡集中度與關係鑲嵌程度分析的結果,瞭解研發團隊成員技術創新能力,預估研發成效,運用本身專屬資產,配合環境與任務目標,操弄社會網絡,適時調整專業分工與任務設計,培養技術創新的發展基礎,進而加速技術創新的品質與時程。
Applying social networks analysis to technological innovation, this survey research is a qualitative and quantitative field study for R&D team member of IC design house in Taiwan.
The formal qualitative study has shown the independent relationship between technique network and friendship network. In this study, the relationship between social network and technological innovation is further surveyed. A theoretical model is proposed for the relationships among social centrality, social embeddedness and technological innovation, which moderated by transaction cost.
For conceptualizing, categorizing, and measuring R&D teams’ social networks, a previously qualitative research develops a R&D teams’ social networks typology that identifies three types, that is, job network, consulting network, and trust network.
Based on social network theory, independent variables are designed as the centrality and embeddedness of social network. Based on transactional cost theory, moderate variables are designed as job complexity and asset specificity.
Social embeddedness includes two constructs, that is, structural embeddedness and relational embeddedness. Structural embeddedness means the degree of organization control. Relational embeddedness including three constructs, that is, social ties of job/consulting/trust network. Seniority and patent are key constructs of asset specificity. Using IC design house as sampling space, the disturbance of extraneous variable can be reduced.
The results show structural embeddedness influence the technological innovation insignificantly. The results show the greater of job/consulting/trust network centrality will be associated with higher technological innovation. The results also show the greater relational embeddedness of job/consulting/trust network will be associated with higher technological innovation.
Furthermore, adding asset specificity to centrality as moderate variable, the regression test shows the interaction item significantly influences the relationship between centrality, relational embeddedness and technological innovation. Its R2 value explaining more variance than does centrality, relational embeddedness only. The regression tests show the job complexity and asset specificity positively moderates the relationship between social network and technological innovation.
For technological innovation, the influence of the social network centrality and the informal relational embeddedness of social network are more powerful than formal structural embeddedness of organizational control.
By measuring the social centrality and the social embeddedness of work/consulting/trust network, the performance of technological innovation of R&D team member can be evaluated. That provides the decision support information for job design and distribution. In term, it will promote the quality and schedule performance of technological innovation.
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三、網站部份

175.全民創新運動(2004) http://www.innovation.org.tw/default.aspx
176.http://www.socialnetworks.org/
177.http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/project/INSNA
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