臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：外資企業對中國經濟的影響
作者：丁心嵐
作者(外文)：Hsin-Lan Ting
校院名稱：臺灣大學
系所名稱：經濟學研究所
指導教授：陳添枝
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2012
主題關鍵詞：經濟制度；區位選擇；外國直接投資；外溢效果；女性勞工；中國；Economic institutions；Location choice；FDI spillover；System competition；Female employment；China
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:57
吸引外國企業於本國的直接投資是現今開發中國家在制定經濟發展相關政策時重要的一環。固有的文獻認為外國直接投資（以下簡稱外資）可為地主國帶來額外的資金加速地主國固定資本形成的累積以及新的生產技術並促進國內產業的競爭，同時也能為國內的就業市場提供新的工作機會。是故，開發中國家無不視「招商引資」為重要的發展政策。但近來也有文獻發現外資對地主國的經濟發展也可能產生負面的影響，例如過度的競爭使本國企業被迫離開市場。中國自2002年以來成為吸引外資最多的開發中國家，而外資在中國的經濟發展過程中也被認為扮演重要的角色。因此，本文將以中國為研究對象，試圖從三個不同角度探討外資帶來的影響以及與中國體制的互動。
本論文由四個章節所組成。首先，第一章緒論將針對研究的主題做概括性的敘述。第二章將以台灣廠商到大陸投資為例，探討中國各省份所具備的經濟制度如何影響外資企業投資地點的選擇。不同於傳統文獻以國別作為研究的方法，中國的31個行政區因為官員升遷以及地方財政補助款等因素，使得各行政區在招商引資政策上產生競爭的局面，而反應在本章所探討的九個制度面因素。經過分析的結果顯示，台商企業會受到具備對外開放程度高、較為完善的社會福利制度、較寬鬆的環境保護政策以及台商自己聚集效果等因素的省份，而提高對該省投資的可能性；相對地，對於有較高規費負擔、較大國有企業比重以及具備較強技術稟賦的省份，會降低選擇該省為投資地點的機率。另一方面，研究結果發現經濟制度例如金融體系的發展以及財政稅收在中國加入世界貿易組織前後具有不同的影響效果，前者反應中國的金融體系在2001年後有較健全的發展，而後者反應外資企業進入中國的投資目的由出口導向轉為內銷導向。
第三章將討論外資企業進入中國之後，對其不同所有權的本國企業所產生的影響，我們稱此為「外溢效果」。研究發現國有企業受損害最大，而其他非國有企業在外資於該產業尚無佔有絕對優勢地位的時候是受益的。若將外資企業依照出現在同產業以及上下游產業的不同區分其外溢效果：文獻上分別稱為為水平外溢效果、上游關連的外溢效果以及下游關連的外溢效果。我們發現幾乎所有的內資企業均可從上游關連的外溢效果中獲益，但是僅有私人企業無法從下游關連的外溢效果中獲得好處，甚至受害。我們將外資出現但卻會使內資企業受害的現象歸為系統性競爭的結果。由於外資企業與內資企業的生產以及交易方式不同，因此外資企業的出現為原本既存的市場帶來衝擊，使得原本具有競爭優勢的一方產生損害，同時也為原本較為劣勢的一方提供一個新的競爭機會。但是，若外資企業強勢主導了整個產業，將迫使所有企業必須承受一筆系統轉換的損失。
最後，本文第四章關心全球化與製造業女性勞工就業之間的關係。以女性員工佔整體員工的比例作為比較的基準，分別採用省級的總體資料以及個別廠商的資料加以分析。在省級資料的分析中，研究發現外資比重較大以及流動人口比重較高的省份能夠提高製造業女性勞工的就業比例。傳統文獻認為出口導向產業是女性勞工比重高之主要因素，但是其重要性在控制外資比重之後遠小於外資企業的影響力。進一步使用個別廠商資料加以驗證，亦有相同結果。同時，研究結果發現外資企業生產力越高的廠商越傾向雇用較高比例的女性勞工。分析原因有二：其一為外資企業由於使用不同於本國企業的生產製造方法，因此需要對員工進行教育訓練，而年輕人與缺乏工作經驗者較易吸收與接受新知識，故外資企業較傾向雇用年輕勞工。其二為女性先天具有認知能力上的優勢，較適合從事細心、精密的工作。流動人口是外資企業主要雇工的來源，而農村外出打工的女性相對於男性而言，其年輕、缺乏工作經驗、細心的特質更符合外資企業的雇用需求，因此呈現外資企業雇用的女性勞工比例高於其他本國企業。
Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important economic policy for many developing countries. FDI can benefit the host country in many ways: accelerating capital formation, providing employment opportunities, enhancing competition, transferring technologies, etc. China has utilized FDI actively since its economic reforms and many believed it has benefited from this policy enormously. In this dissertation, we investigate three dimensions of FDI in China, namely location choice, technology spillovers, and gender inequality in employment.
This dissertation is organized into four chapters. In Chapter 1, we provide an overview of the issues to be studied. In Chapter 2, we study the location choice of Taiwanese multinational corporations (MNCs) in China. We find that regional institutions affect the location choice, in addition to the well-known agglomeration effects. Taiwanese MNCs tend to be attracted by the regions that are open to foreign trade, permissive in environmental regulations, and provides good social welfare programs, and they tend to shun away from the regions with heavy non-tax (fees) burdens, dominated by state-owned enterprises, or endowed with good technological capabilities. We also find the impacts of some institutions became more significant after China was admitted to World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2011. This suggests that alignment with world institutions has made China conform to the rest of the world in terms of its attractiveness to foreign investors.
In Chapter 3, we investigate the spillover effects of MNCs in China. We separate the spillover effect into three categories: horizontal spillover, backward spillover, and forward spillover. Our empirical study found the spillover effects to differ by the ownership of local firms. In general, state-owned enterprises lose unambiguously from the presence of MNCs in the same industry, while non-state enterprises gain until MNCs come to dominate the local market. All local firms gain from backward linkages to MNCs. However, most privately-owned firms lose from forward linkages to MNCs. We interpret this phenomenon as a manifestation of institutional conflicts or system competition.
In Chapter 4, we study the impact of FDI on female employment in China by using the provincial-level macro-data in the period of 2000-2009 and individual firm-level data of 2005 and 2006. We found that the share of female employment in the province increases with FDI and the presence of migrant workers. Employment patterns of individual firms also show that foreign-owned firms hire a larger proportion of female workers compared to local firms. We attribute foreign firms’ inclination to hiring a higher proportion of female workers to the differences in their production technologies from those of local firms. Due to technological differences, MNCs prefer younger workers who are easier to be trained. Because the share of female workers is higher among the younger labor force, the employment of MNCs exhibits a higher female share. We provide evidence to support this hypothesis. In particular, we show that MNCs with higher productivity, or a technological bias in using labor or materials, tend to hire a larger share of female workers.
[1]Aguayo-Téllez, Ernesto (2011) “The Impact of Trade Liberalization Policies and FDI on Gender Inequalities. A Literature Review.” Background paper for the World Development Report 2012.
[2]Ahmad, Ehtisham, Raju Singh and Ben Lockwood (2004) “Taxation Reforms and Changes in Revenue Assignments in China”, IMF Working Paper No.WP/04/125. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
[3]Aitken, Brian J., Ann E. Harrison (1999) “Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela”, American Economic Review 89(3): 605-618.
[4]Allen, Franklin, Jun Qian and Meijun Qian (2005) “Law, Finance, and Economic Growth in China”, Journal of Financial Economics 77(1): 57-116.
[5]Bai, Chong-En, Yingjuan Du, Zhigang Tao and Sarah Y. Tong (2004) “Local Protectionism and Regional Specialization: Evidence from China’s Industries”, Journal of International Economics 63(2): 397-417.
[6]Barrell, Ray and Nigel Pain (1999) “Domestic Institutions, Agglomerations and Foreign Direct Investment in Europe”, European Economic Review 43: 925-934.
[7]Baslevent, Cem and Ozlem Onaran (2004) “The Effect of Export-Oriented Growth on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey”, World Development 32(8): 1375-1393.
[8]Baum, Joel A.C. and Christine Oliver (1991) “Institutional Linkages and Organizational Mortality”, Administrative Science Quarterly 36(2): 187-218.
[9]Becker, Gary (1957) The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
[10]Berik, Gunseli, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers and Joseph E. Zveglich (2004) “International Trade and Gender Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia”, Review of Development Economics 8(2): 237-254.
[11]Bevan, Alan, Saul Estrin and Klaus Meyer (2004) “Foreign Investment Location and Institutional Development in Transition Economies”, International Business Review 13: 43-64.
[12]Black, Sandra E. and Elizabeth Brainerd (2004) “Importing Equality? The Impact of Globalization on Gender Discrimination”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(4): 540-559.
[13]Blake, Adam, Ziliang Deng and Rod Falvey (2009) “How Does the Productivity of Foreign Direct Investment Spill Over to Local Firms in Chinese Manufacturing?”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 7(2): 183-197.
[14]Blalock, Garrick and Paul J. Gertler (2008) “Welfare Gains from Foreign Direct Investment through Technology Transfer to Local Suppliers”, Journal of International Economics 74(2): 402-421.
[15]Blomstrom, Magnus and Ari Kokko (1998) “Multinational Corporations and Spillovers”, Journal of Economic Surveys 12(3): 247-277.
[16]Boudier-Bensebaa, Fabienne (2005) “Agglomeration Economies and Location Choice”, Economics of Transition 13(4): 605-628.
[17]Brandt, Loren and Thomas G. Rawski (2008) China’s Great Economic Transformation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[18]Braunstein, Elissa and Mark Brenner (2007) “Foreign Direct Investment and Gendered Wages in Urban China”, Feminist Economics 13(3-4): 213-237.
[19]Caves, Richard E. (1971) “International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment”, Economica 38(149): 1-27.
[20]Caves, Richard E. (1974) “Multinational Firms, Competition, and Productivity in Host-Country Markets”, Economica 41(162): 176-193.
[21]Çağatay, Nilüfer and Şule Özler (1995) “Feminization of the Labor Force: The Effects of Long-term Development and Structural Adjustment”, World Development 23(11): 1883-1894.
[22]Chang, Chiaming (2006) Taishang Zai Suzhou: Quanqiuhua Yu Zaidihua De Kaocha, (Taiwanese Firms in Suzhou: A Study of Globalization and Localization). Taipei: Laureate Publication.
[23]Chang, Sea-Jin and Sekeun Park (2005) “Types of Firms Generating Network Externalities and MNCs’ Co-location Decisions”, Strategic Management Journal 26: 595-615.
[24]Chen, Homin and Tain-Jy Chen (1998) “Network Linkages and Location Choice in Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies 29(3): 445-467.
[25]Chen, Zhihong, Ying Ge and Huiwen Lai (2011) “Foreign Direct Investment and Wage Inequality: Evidence from China”, World Development 39(8): 1322-1332.
[26]Cheng, Leonard K. and Yum K. Kwan (2000) “What are the Determinants of the Location of Foreign Direct Investment? The Chinese Experience”, Journal of International Economics 51: 379-400.
[27]Cheng, Shaoming and Roger R. Stough (2006) “Location Decisions of Japanese New Manufacturing Plants in China: A Discrete-choice Analysis”, Annual Regional Science 40: 369-387.
[28]Christensen, Laurits R., Dale W. Jorgenson, Lawrence J. Lau (1973) “Transcendental Logarithmic Production Frontiers”, The Review of Economics and Statistics 55(1): 28-45.
[29]Christopoulos, Dimitris K. and Efthymios G. Tsionas (2004) “Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Development Economics 73(1): 55-74.
[30]Ciccone, Antonio and Robert E. Hall (1996) “Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity”, American Economic Review 86(1): 54-70.
[31]Clerides, Sofronis K., Saul Lach, James R. Tybout (1998) “Is Learning by Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco”, Quaterly Journal of Economics 113(3): 903-947.
[32]Cohen, Wesley and Denial A. Levinthal (1989) “Innovation and Learning: the Two Faces of R&D”, Economic Journal 99(397): 569-596.
[33]Cohen, Wesley and Denial A. Levinthal (1990) “Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 128-152.
[34]Cooke, Fang Lee and Rubery Jill (2002) “Minimum Wage Policies, Gender and the Urban/Rural Divide in China”, consultancy report, Geneva: International Labour Organisation (ILO).
[35]Crespo, Nuno and Maria Paula Fontoura (2007) “Determinant Factors of FDI Spillovers - What Do We Really Know?”, World Development 35(3): 410-425.
[36]Davis-Blake, Alison and Brian Uzzi (1993) “Determinants of Employment Externalization: A Study of Temporary Workers and Independent Contractors”, Administrative Science Quarterly 38(2): 195-223.
[37]De Gregorio, Jose and Pablo E. Guidotti (1995) “Financial Development and Economic Growth”, World Development 23(3): 433-448.
[38]De Loecker, Jan (2007) “Do Exports Generate Higher Productivity? Evidence from Slovenia”, Journal of International Economics 73(1): 69-98.
[39]di Giovanni, Julian (2005) “What Drives Capital Flows? The Case of Cross-border M&A Activity and Financial Deepening”, Journal of International Economics 65(1): 127-149.
[40]DiMaggio, Paul J. and Walter W. Powell (1983) “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields”, American Sociological Review 48(2): 147-160.
[41]Du, Julan, Yi Lu and Zhigang Tao (2008a) “Economic Institutions and FDI Location Choice: Evidence from US Multinationals in China”, Journal of Comparative Economics 36(3): 412-429.
[42]Du, Julan, Yi Lu and Zhigang Tao (2008b) “FDI Location Choice: Agglomeration vs Institutions”, International Journal of Finance & Economics 13(1): 92-107.
[43]Du, Julan, Yi Lu and Zhigang Tao (2012) “Institutions and FDI Location Choice: The Role of Cultural Distances”, Journal of Asian Economics 23(3): 210-223.
[44]Dunning, John H. and Sarianna M. Lundan (2008) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
[45]Egger, Peter and Hannes Winner (2005) “Evidence on Corruption as an Incentive for Foreign Direct Investment”, European Journal of Polital Economy 21: 932-952.
[46]Evans, Peter B. (1979) Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State, and Local Capital in Brazil. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
[47]Fan, C. Cindy (2003) “Rural-Urban Migration and Gender Division of Labor in Transitional China”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27(1): 24-47.
[48]Findlay, Ronald (1978) “Relative Backwardness, Direct Foreign Investment, and the Transfer of Technology: A Simple Dynamic Model”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 92(1): 1-16.
[49]Fosfuri, Andrea, Massimo Motta and Thomas Ronde (2001) “Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers through Workers’ Mobility”, Journal of International Economics 53(1): 205-222.
[50]Fryges, Helmut and Joachim Wagner (2008) “Exports and Productivity Growth: First Evidence from a Continuous Treatment Approach”, Review of World Economics 144(4): 695-722.
[51]Fung, K. C., Hitomi Iizaka and Sarah Y. Tong (2004) “Foreign Direct Investment in China: Policy, Recent Trend and Impact”, Global Economic Review 33(2): 99-130.
[52]Gallagher, Mary Elizabeth (2005) Contagious Capitalism: Globalization and the Politics of Labor in China. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
[53]Girma, Sourafel (2005) “Absorptive Capacity and Productivity Spillovers from FDI: A Threshold Regression Analysis”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 67(3): 281-306.
[54]Girma, Sourafel, Yundan Gong and Holger Gorg (2008) “Foreign Direct Investment, Access to Finance, and Innovation Activity in Chinese Enterprises”, World Bank Economic Review 22(2): 367-382.
[55]Glass, Amy J. and Kamal Saggi (1998) “International Technology Transfer and the Technology Gap”, Journal of Development Economics 55(2): 369-398.
[56]Globerman, Steven and Daniel Shapiro (2003) “Governance Infrastructure and US Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies 34(1): 19-40.
[57]Goldin, Claudia (1994) “The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History”, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4707, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
[58]Gorg, Holger and David Greenaway (2004) “Much Ado about Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?”, The World Bank Research Observer 19(2): 171-197.
[59]Gou, Haiping and Zhongju Lan (2006) “Qiche Lingpujian Chanye Xianzhuang Yu Fazhan Qushi.” (Introduction to and Development of the Auto Part Industry in China) Qiche Gongye Yanjiu 8: 12-17. (in Chinese)
[60]Haddad, Mona and Ann Harrison (1993) “Are There Positive Spillovers from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Panel Data for Morocco”, Journal of Development Economics 42(1): 51-74.
[61]Hale, Galina and Cheryl Long (2006) “Firm Ownership and FDI Spillovers in China”, Stanford Center for International Development.
[62]Hausman, Jerry A. (1978) “Specification Tests in Econometrics”, Econometrica 46(6): 1251-1271.
[63]Head, C. Keith, John C. Ries and Deborah L. Swenson (1999) “Attracting Foreign Manufacturing: Investment Promotion and Agglomeration”, Regional Science and Urban Economics 29: 197-218.
[64]Henley, John, Colin Kirkpatrick and Georgina Wilde (1999) “Foreign Direct Investment in China: Recent Trends and Current Policy Issues”, World Economy 22(2): 223-243.
[65]Hennart, Jean-Francois (1988) “A Transaction Cost Theory of Equity Joint Ventures”, Strategic Management Journal 9(4): 361-374.
[66]Herrin, Alejandro N. and Ernesto M. Pernia (1987) “Factors Influencing the Choice of Location: Local and Foreign Firms in the Philippines”, Regional Studies 21(6): 531-541.
[67]Hilber, Christian A.L. and Ioan Voicu (2010) “Agglomeration Economies and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Romania”, Regional Studies 44(3): 355-371.
[68]Holmes, Thomas J. (1999) “Localization of Industry and Vertical Disintegration”, The Review of Economics and Statistics 81(2): 314-325.
[69]Hu, Albert G.Z. and Gary H. Jefferson (2002) “FDI Impact and Spillover: Evidence from China’s Electronic and Textile Industries” World Economy 25: 1063-1076.
[70]Huang, Yasheng (2003) Selling China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[71]Huang, Yasheng (2007) “Ownership Biases and FDI in China: Evidence from Two Provinces. Business and Politics 9(1): 1-45.
[72]Hubert, Florence and Nigel Pain (2002) “Fiscal Incentives, European Integration and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment”, The Manchester School 70(3): 336-363.
[73]Hymer, Stephen H. (1976) The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
[74]Jabbour, Liza and Jean Louis Mucchielli (2007) “Technology Transfer through Vertical Linkages: The Case of the Spanish Manufacturing Industry”, Journal of Applied Economics 10(1): 115-136.
[75]Javorcik, Beata Smarzynska (2004) “Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search of Spillovers through Backward Linkages”, American Economic Review 94(3): 605-627.
[76]Jiang, Shanhe and Richard Hall (1996) “Local Corporatism and Rural Enterprises in China’s Reform”, Organization Studies 17(6): 929-952.
[77]Jordaan, Jacob A. (2008) “State Characteristics and the Locational Choice of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Regional FDI in Mexico 1989-2006”, Growth and Change 39(3): 389-413.
[78]Kasahara, Hiroyuki and Joel Rodrigue (2008) “Does the Use of Imported Intermediates Increase Productivity? Plant-level Evidence”, Journal of Development Economics 87(1): 106-118.
[79]Katz, Michael L. and Carl Shapiro (1994) “Systems Competition and Network Effects”, Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(2): 93-115.
[80]Kawai, Norifumi (2009) “Location Strategies of Foreign Investors in China: Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Multinationals”, Global Economic Review 38(2): 117-141.
[81]Kirkpatrick, Colin and Kenichi Shimamoto (2008) “The Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Locational Choice of Japanese Foreign Direct Investment”, Applied Economics 40: 1399-1409.
[82]Kostova, Tatiana and Zaheer, Srilata (1999) “Organizational Legitimacy under Conditions of Complexity: The Case of the Multinational Enterprise”, Academy of Management Review, 24: 64-81.
[83]Krugman, Paul (1979) “A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income”, Journal of Political Economy 87(2): 253-266.
[84]Lall, Sanjaya (1980) “Vertical Inter-firm Linkages in LDCs: An Empirical Study”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 42(3): 203-226.
[85]Lardy, Nicholas R. (2008) “Financial Repression in China”, Policy Briefs PB08-8, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
[86]Liang, Zai and Yiu Por Chen (2004) “Migration and Gender in China: An Origin‐Destination Linked Approach”, Economic Development and Cultural Change 52(2): 423-443.
[87]Lin, Ping and Kama Saggi (2007) “Multinational Firms, Exclusivity, and Backward Linkages”, Journal of International Economics 71(1): 206-220.
[88]Lin, Ping, Zhuomin Liu and Yifan Zhang (2009) “Do Chinese Domestic Firms Benefit from FDI Inflow? Evidence of Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers”, China Economic Review 20(4): 677-691.
[89]Lin, Yifu J. and Jeffrey B. Nugent (1995) Chapter 38 Institutions and economic development. Handbook of Development Economics. B. Jere and T. N. Srinivasan, Elsevier. 3(A): 2301-2370.
[90]Lipsey, Robert and Fredrik Sjöholm (2004) “Foreign Direct Investment, Education and Wages in Indonesian Manufacturing”, Journal of Development Economics 73: 415-422.
[91]Lipsey, Robert E. and Fredrik Sjöholm (2005) “The Impact of Inward FDI on Host Countries: Why Such Different Answers?” in Moran, Theodore H., Graham, Edward, Blomström, Magnus, eds., Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development? 23-43. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics and Center for Global Development.
[92]List, John A. and Catherine Y. Co (2000) “The Effects of Environmental Regulations on Foreign Investment”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 40: 1-20.
[93]Liu, Bih-Jane and Yu-Yin Wu (2011) “Development Zones in China: Are STIPs a Substitute for or a Complement to ETDZs”, Taipei Economic Inquiry 47(1): 97-145.
[94]Liu, Zhiqiang (2002) “Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillover: Evidence from China”, Journal of Comparative Economics 30(3): 579-602.
[95]Lui, Francis T. (1985) “An Equilibrium Queuing Model of Bribery”, Journal of Political Economy 93(4): 760-781.
[96]Luo, Laijun, Louis Brennan, Chang Liu and Yuze Luo (2008) “Factors Influencing FDI Location Choice in China’s Inland Areas”, China & World Economy 16(2): 93-108.
[97]Marcin, Kolasa (2008) “How Does FDI Inflow Affect Productivity of Domestic Firms? The Role of Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers, Absorptive Capacity and Competition”, The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 17(1): 155-173.
[98]McFadden, Daniel (1973) “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior”, in P. Zarembka, (Ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, 105-142. New York: Academic Press.
[99]McVicar, Duncan (2002) “Spillovers and Foreign Direct Investment in UK Manufacturing”, Applied Economics Letters 9(5): 297-300.
[100]Melitz, Mark J. (2003) “The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity”, Econometrica 71(6): 1695-1725.
[101]Meyer, Klaus E. (2001). “Institutions, Transaction Costs, and Entry Mode Choice in Eastern Europe”, Journal of International Business Studies 32(2): 357-367.
[102]Meyer, Klaus E. and Hung Vo Nguyen (2005) “Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Institutions in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Vietnam”, Journal of Management Studies 42(1): 65-93.
[103]Mjoen, Hans and Stephen Tallman (1997) ”Control and Performance in International Joint Ventures”, Organization Science 8(3): 257-274.
[104]Naughton, Barry (2007) The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
[105]North, Douglass (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
[106]Oi, Jean C. (1999) Rural China Takes Off: The Institutional Foundations of Economic Reform. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[107]Ozler, Sule (2000) “Export Orientation and Female Share of Employment: Evidence from Turkey”, World Development 28(7): 1239-1248.
[108]Pearson, Margaret (2005) “The Business of Governing Business in China: Institutions and Norms of the Emerging Regulatory State”, World Politics 57: 296-322.
[109]Peng, M. W. (2003) “Institution Transitions and Strategic Choices”, Academy of Management Review 28(2): 275-296.
[110]Pradhan, Jaya Prakash (2006) “How Do Trade, Foreign Investment and Technology Affect Employment Patterns in Organized Indian Manufacturing?”, Indian Journal of Labour Economics 49(2): 249-72.
[111]Pusterla, Fazia and Laura Resmini (2007) “Where do Foreign Firms Locate in Transition Countries? An Empirical Investigation”, Annual Regional Science 41: 835-856.
[112]Pun, Ngai (2005) Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace. Durham: Duke University Press.
[113]Qian, Yingyi (2000) “The Process of China’s Market Transition (1978-1998): The Evolutionary, Historical, and Comparative Perspectives”, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 156(1): 151-171.
[114]Qu, Wanwen (2009) “The Chinese Model of Industrial Policy under the Catch-up Consensus: the Case of the Automobile Industry”, China Economic Quarterly 8(2): 501-532.
[115]Ramasamy, Bala and Matthew Yeung (2010) “A causality analysis of the FDI-wages-productivity nexus in China”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 3(1): 5-23.
[116]Rodríguez-Clare, Andres (1996) “Multinationals, Linkages, and Economic Development”, American Economic Review 86(4): 852-873.
[117]Saure, Philip and Hosny Zoabi (2009) “Effects of Trade on Female Labor Force Participation”, DEGIT Conference Papers.
[118]Schoors, Koen and Bartoldus Van der Tol (2002) “Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers Within and Between Sectors: Evidence from Hungarian Data”, Working Paper No. 2002/157 (2002), Ghent University.
[119]Scott, W. Richard (1995) Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[120]Seguino, Stephanie (2000) “The Effects of Structural Change and Economic Liberalisation on Gender Wage Differentials in South Korea and Taiwan”, Cambridge Journal of Economics 24(4): 437-59.
[121]Shu, Xiaoling (2005) “Market Transition and Gender Segregation in Urban China”, Social Science Quarterly 86(5): 1299–1323.
[122]Shu, Xiaoling, Yifei Zhu and Zhanxin Zhang (2007) “Global Economy and Gender Inequalities: The Case of the Urban Chinese Labor Market”, Social Science Quarterly 88(5): 1307-1332.
[123]Smeets, Roger and Albert de Vaal (2006) “Knowledge Spillovers and FDI Ownership”, NiCE Working Paper 06-104, The Netherlands.
[124]Standing, Guy (1999) “Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited”, World Development 27(3): 583-602.
[125]Sun, Qian, Wilson Tong and Qiao Yu (2002) “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Across China”, Journal of International Money and Finance 21(1): 79-113.
[126]Tian, Xiaowen (2007) “Accounting for Sources of FDI Technology Spillovers: Evidence from China”, Journal of International Business Studies 38(1): 147-159.
[127]Van Biesebroeck, Johannes (2005) “Exporting Raises Productivity in sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Firms”, Journal of International Economics 67(2): 373-391.
[128]Wakasugi, Ryuhei (2005) “The Effects of Chinese Regional Conditions on the Location Choice of Japanese Affiliates”, The Japanese Economic Review 56(4): 390-407.
[129]Wei, Yingqi, Xiaming Liu, David Parker and Kirit Vaidya (1999) “The Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in China”, Regional Studies 33(9): 857-867
[130]Wei, Yingqi and Xiaming Liu (2006) “Productivity Spillovers from R&D, Exports and FDI in China’s Manufacturing Sector”, Journal of International Business Studies 37(4): 544-557.
[131]Weinberg, Bruce (2000) “Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 53(2): 290-307.
[132]The World Bank (2012) “World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development”.
[133]Wu, Jieh-min (2010) “Rural Migrant Workers and China’s Differential Citizenship: A Comparative Institutional Analysis,” in Martin King Whyte (ed.), One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequality in Contemporary China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[134]Wu, Jing-Lien (2005) Dangdai Zhongguo Jingji Gaige (China’s Economic Reform). Taipei (Taiwan): MGraw-Hill Education. (Chinese)
[135]Wu, Jing-Lien (2010) Dangdai Zhongguo Jingji Gaige Jiaocheng, Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishers. (Chinese)
[136]Xu, Chenggang (2011) “The fundamental institutions of China’s reforms and development”, Journal of Economic Literature 49(4): 1076-1151.
[137]Yamawaki, Hideki (2006). “The Location of American and Japanese Multinationals in Europe”, International Economics and Economic Policy 3(2):. 157-173.
[138]Yasar, Mahmut, Philip Garcia, Carl H. Nelson and Roderick M. Rejesus (2007) “Is There Evidence of Learning-by-Exporting in Turkish Manufacturing Industries?”, International Review of Applied Economics 21(2): 293-305.


 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：447（臺灣：442，外國：5） ／ 本年度總使用人次：2071125 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67863655
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上