:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:時裝模特兒穿著高跟鞋在台步行走時之步態分析
作者:王家玄 引用關係
作者(外文):Wang, Chia-Hsuan
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:林世澤
周適偉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:松糕式高跟鞋行走專業模特兒時尚流行身體控制能力platform high-heelsgaitprofessional modelvoguefashionbody control
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:82
摘要
本研究目的在於瞭解不同組別模特兒,分別穿著不同鞋跟高度 (9與14公分) 高跟鞋,進行基本台步直線行走,其步態週期之運動學、動力學、肌電變化之差異情形。研究方法:以30位 (15位高中組,年齡17.1±0.3歲、身高165±4.33公分、體重50±5.62公斤、訓練年資4.8年與15位大專組,年齡20.5±1.9歲、身高169.5±3.91公分、體重51.5±4.81公斤、訓練年資2年) 健康女性模特兒參與本實驗。在實驗中以八台高速攝影機 (150Hz) 、一台AMTI測力板 (1500Hz) 與Biovision肌電儀 (1500Hz) ,分別同步擷取兩組別受試者,在行走時之運動學 (步態週期百分比、身體重心上下/左右位移、軀幹前後傾/左右傾/旋轉平均活動範圍角度、下肢髖/膝/踝關節平均活動範圍角度、不同腿長對步幅距離變化) 、動力學 (第一峰值、第二峰值、斜率) 及下肢各肌群 (擺盪期與站立期) 肌電活化情形等數據。資料處理以混合設計之二因子變異數分析 (two-way ANOVA) ,分別考驗組別與高度別間之差異。結果:一、大專組在步態週期百分比,呈現出承重期短與擺盪期長情形;且在身體重心上下方向、軀幹 (前後傾、左右傾) 動作、第一步距離與總距離變化及下肢髖關節 (外展、屈曲) 動作角度上,均較高中組呈現顯著差異情形 (p < .05) ,但在膝與踝關節 (旋轉、外展、屈曲) 動作上,則未達顯著差異;隨鞋跟高度增加 (14公分) 時,將延長承重期、縮短擺盪期時間,限制髖 (外展、屈曲) 、膝 (屈曲) 角度與身體重心上下位移變化及第一步距離,並增加軀幹旋轉角度及踝關節之不穩定性。二、在第一峰值表現上,呈現出大專組大於高中組情形 (p < .05) ;當在不同高度別比較時,則未達顯著差異 (p > .05) 。三、在擺盪期 (股直肌、比目魚肌、脛前肌) 與站立期 (股直肌) 之下肢各肌群肌電活化機制表現上,均呈現出大專組大於高中組情形 (p < .05) ;隨高度 (低跟、高跟) 增加時,則呈現出不同肌電活化型態 (p < .05) 。結論:大專組具備較佳之動作型態與身體姿勢控制能力,因此在步態週期過程中,會運用擺盪期長、承重期短技巧,透過增加髖關節 (屈曲、外展) 與減少膝屈曲動作角度,呈現出較大跨步動作、距離與肢體重心擺動幅度;並運用增加下肢肌群 (股直肌、比目魚與脛前肌) 肌電活化機制,協助下肢關節穩定,傳達出自信的步態模式。同時隨著穿著鞋跟高度增加至14公分時,亦能快速微調跨步技巧、步態週期時間掌控、下肢 (髖、膝) 關節角度運用及各肌群間的肌電活化機制,以呈現出專業台步肢體動作表現。
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical, dynamics and electromyographic (EMG) parameters of the cat-walking with different high heels (9cm, 14cm) between fashion models in high school level and college level. Thirty subjects (15 high school and 15 college models, with age 17.1±0.3 / 20.5±1.9 years, height 165±4.33 / 169.5±3.91 cm, and weight 50±5.62 / 51.5±4.81 kg) were healthy volunteers with high heeled 2 / 4.8 years’ experience participated in this study. 8 high-speed camera (150Hz), an AMTI force plate (1500Hz) and a Biovision EMG system (1500Hz) are used to simultaneously capture kinematical (gait cycle percentage, body sway of vertical/horizontal displacement, trunk forward-backward / right-left inclination angle / rotation angle, hip/knee/ankle of average joint angle among range of motion, stride distance changes for different legs), dynamics (the first, second peak value and first peak loading rate), and lower limbs EMG (swing phase and stance phase) parameters during the subjects cat-walking with normal speed gait cycle between bare foot and two differ high heeled situation. Mix repeated measures two-way ANOVA were performed to compare the differences in all variables between the two groups of participants. The results indicated that: 1) Regarding to the performance of Gait Cycle percentage (initial heel strike stance phase and swing phase), college shows shorter time in initial heel strike stance phase and longer swing phase (p<.05); Regarding to body weight center (up and down direction), body leaning back and forth, left and right, leg length verses first step distance and total distance and movement angel in lower limb hip joint (extension, flexion movement), college shows significant body swing, movement, step distance and angel (p<.05), however no significant difference in knee and ankle joint (rotation, extension, flexion) movement (p>.05); When increase in height (14 cm) with the heel, it will extend the initial heel strike stance phase period, shorten the swing phase period of time. And will be restrictions hip (abduction, flexion), knee (flexion) angle, displacement of the up and down direction body weight and the first step in the distance. Besides, to increase the angle of trunk rotation and instability of the ankle joint; 2) Regarding to the first peak value, it shows that college is bigger than high-school (p<.05); in the different high heels, it shows no different between of three situation (p>.05); 3) Regarding to the performance in swing phase (rectus femoris, RF and soleus, SO and tibials anterior, TA) and stand phase (rectus femoris, RF) of the two muscles firing situation, college also shows better performance in comparison to high-school. Besides, with height (low-heeled and high-heeled) increases, then showing a different EMG activation patterns (p <.05). Conclusion: college model could have better control in body position and style through longer period of training time. Therefore, in Gait Cycle they know how to use bigger steps, body weight center swing also use the technique of longer swing phase, shorter initial heel strike stance phase and increase the angel of hip flexion and lower limb muscles co-contraction to perform in a stable, confident step status. At the same time, when the heel height increased to 14 cm, they can also fine tune their step model, Gait Cycle control, angel of lower joints (hip, knee) and muscle firing mechanism in order to deliver the professional stage performance.
參考文獻

中文部份

王菁 (譯) (2008) 。完全模特手冊。北京:中國輕工業。 (Balhorn, L, A., 1990)
王進華 (2010) 。心理素質技能對模特兒養成之重要性。動態藝術學刊,2,76-80。
王家玄 (2010) 。伸展台步演示對模特兒之重要性。動態藝術學刊,3,44-53。
王家玄 (2012) 。國內模特兒市場現況與迷思。運動研究,21(1),82-102。new window
王韻涵、翁梓林 (2009) 。不同鞋跟粗細行走之生物力學分析。2009國立臺北教育大學體育學術研討會論文集 (頁217-221) 。臺北市:國立臺北教育大學。
包銘新、王小群、李霞 (2005) 。時裝表演藝術。上海:東華大學。
朱煥良 (2012) 。服裝表演基礎。北京:中國紡織。
阮五福 (1996) 。人體下肢空間步態擺盪期力學模型及膝下義肢步態模擬分析 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立成功大學醫學院,臺南市。
李文森 (1997) 。解剖生理學。 (第六版) 。台北市:華杏。
李俞霏,楊永慶 (2010) 。服裝表演與策劃。北京:中國輕工業。
李直穎 (2006) 。以足壓分佈與加速規資訊分析人體行走時的動態平衡 (未出版碩士論文) 。中原大學醫學工程研究所,桃園縣。
李媛 (2010) 。高跟鞋鞋底改良對行走的力學影響研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。寧波大學,大陸。
呂東武 (2001) 。步態分析技術發展現況與未來趨勢。生物醫學新知,5,21-25。
沈清良 (1992) 。人體解剖學。台北:逸香書坊。
巫倩姿 (2011,11月15日) 。東方面孔在國際時尚業佔有率提升。新華網。資料引自http://news.xinhuanet.com/fashion/2011-11/15/c_122280692_3.htm
肖彬、張艦 (2010) 。服裝表演概論。北京:中國紡織。
宋雅偉、孫文、寇恒靜 (2010) 。步態運動學及動力學的研究方法。中國組織工程研究與臨床康復,14(2),321-324。
吳晶 (2005) 。高跟鞋發展及其對人體的影響。皮革科學與工程,15(1),61-63。
吳劍,李建設 (2002) 。人體行走時步態的生物力學研究。中國運動醫學雜誌,5,305-307。
吳慧芬 (1995) 。正常兒童之步態肌電訊號分析 (未出版博碩士論文) 。國立成功大學,台南。
吳劍、李建設 (2003a) 。青年女性著高跟鞋平地行走時步態的生物力學研究。體育科研,24(3),9-11。
吳劍、李建設 (2003b) 。青年女性穿不同鞋行走時步態的動力學研究。北京體育大學學報,27,486-488。
范姜逸敏 (2001) 。平衡能力的測量及訓練方法初探,中華體育季刊,15(2),65-72。new window
林紀萱 (2010) 。誰的性感?誰的美麗?高跟鞋穿著的身體體現與性別實踐 (未出版碩士論文) 。世新大學,臺北市。
林耿彰 (2008) 。不同鞋跟高度下階梯之生物力學分析 (未出版博碩士論文) 。國立台北教育大學,臺北市。
林欣怡 (2000) 。比較老年人與年輕人在下階梯時的膝關節的肌電控制與功能性硬度調節 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立體育學院,桃園縣。.
林雪蓮 (2011) 。高跟鞋大底樣式對行走時身體平衡機制之影響 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
林雪蓮、翁梓林 (2011) 。穿著高跟鞋對人體平衡及下肢傷害的影響,國北教大體育,5,59-72。new window
林均郁 (2007) 。從林志玲現象與名模熱看台灣名模產業與影視娛樂產業之間的關係:一個政治經濟學分析 (未出版碩士論文) 。淡江大學,台北縣。
胡名霞 (2006) 。動作控制與動作學習。台北縣:金名圖書。
胡雪豔、惲曉平、郭忠武、王廣志、丁輝 (2006) 。正常成人步態特徵研究。中國康復理論與實踐,12(10),855-857。
柳文博、王寶環 (2001) 。時裝模特發展簡史。丹東師專學報,4,23-27。
皇普菊含 (1999) 。時裝表演教程。南京:江蘇美術川。
洪維憲 (2003) 。女性高跟鞋及鞋墊的生物力學與傳力機制分析 (未出版博士論文) 。國立台灣科技大學,臺北市。
相子元 (1997) 。足部運動生物力學研究。財團法人鞋類設計暨技術研究中心委託學術機構研究報告。
郜元寶 (譯) (2005) 。 時髦的身體:時尚、衣著和現代社會理論。廣西:廣西師範大學。(Entwistle, J., 2000).
徐青青 (2006) 。服裝表演、策劃、訓練。北京:中國紡織。
黃彥慈、邱文信 (2008) 。探討足底壓力之應用與展望。大專體育,97,146-153。new window
黃世旭 李淑貞 劉謹緣 李茂昌 (1996) 。中國青年人步態常模之建立。中華物療誌,21,21-38。
黃雅婷 (2008) 。背向與正向行走斜坡之生物力學分析 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
黃詩芬 (譯) (2006) 。你不可不知道的經典名鞋以及設計師。台北:高談文化。(Linda O’Keefee, 2000)
陳奕男、閆紅光 (2009) 。對穿高跟鞋人群步態的生物力學研究。遼寧體育科技,31(2),33-35。
陳美全 (2011) 。高跟鞋穿著的研究調查與分析 (未出版碩士論文) 。大葉大學,台中縣。
郭金明、張國權、阿布米力提.阿里木江 (2007) 。穿高跟鞋對中青年女性腰椎生理曲度的影響。臨床骨科雜誌,10(4),332-333。
郭佳嵐、常會 (2006) 。成為超模:超級模特入門手冊。北京:中國紡織。
馮建軍、袁建國 (2009) 。核心穩定性與核心力量研究述評。體育學刊,16(11),58-62。
董軍浪 (2006) 。新中國時裝模特業的啟蒙與演進。紡織高校基礎科學學報,19(4),398-402。
張紀文、張翔、錢安明、張記光 (2009) 。服裝表演組織與編導。合肥:合肥工業大學。
張原 (2007) 。服裝表演舞台設計的視覺表現形式。西安工程科技學院學報,21(4),459-462。
張敬德、郝智秀、張宇、周大佛、方新 (2007) 。鞋跟高度對地面反力和鞋底壓中心的影響。中國康復醫學雜誌,22(3),241-243。
張瑞紅、金德闖、張濟川 (2000) 。不同路況下正常步態特徵研究。清華大學學報,8,77-80。
彭俊維 (2009) 。不同鞋跟高度行走於光滑平面之生物力學分析 (未出版博碩士論文) 。國立台北教育大學,臺北市。
彭俊維、雷伯欽、翁梓林、杜春治 (2008) 。不同鞋跟高度行走於光滑地面之生物力學分析。2008 臺灣運動生物力學學會及臺灣生物力學學會聯合年會暨學術研討會和國科會醫學工程學門成果發表會論文集 (頁253) 。臺北市。new window
楊啟新 (1987) 。正常步態資料之建立 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立成功大學,臺南市。
黎俊彥、林威秀 (2003) 。身體姿勢的平衡控制機轉。中華體育季刊,17(2),66-72。
劉欣瑜 (2009) 。時裝模特兒與表演空間之研究 (未出版碩士論文) 。國立宜蘭大學,宜蘭縣。
劉華 (2011) 。高跟鞋對成年女性行走時軀幹、下肢運動協調的影響 (未出版碩士論文) 。福建醫科大學,大陸福建市。
鄭立紅 (2008) 。淺述時裝表演編導與技巧。實踐與探索,4,215-216。
錢競光、宋雅傳、葉強、李勇強、唐瀟 (2006) 。步行動作的生物力學原理及其步態分析。南京體育學院學報,5(4),1-7。
潘智彪 (2006) 。論審美文化與社會時尚。現代哲學,5,121-126。
戴克戎 (1991) 。步態分析及其應用。中國骨科雜誌,11, 207-210。
戴克戎、湯榮光 (1982) 。平地行走時的步態觀察。中國生物醫學工程學報,1,15-18。
關潔 (2008) 。服裝表演:組織與編導。北京:中國紡織。

英文部分

Alkjær, T., Raffalt, P., Petersen, N. C., & Simonsen, E. (2012). Movement Behavior of High-Heeled Walking: How Does the Nervous System Control the Ankle Joint during an Unstable Walking Condition? PLoS ONE, 7(5), 1-8.
Astrand, P., & Rodahl, K. (1970). Textbook of work physiology, 60-61.New York: McGraw-Hill
Barthes, R. (1990). The Fashion System. (Matthew Ward & Richard Howard, Trans). California: University of California Press. (Original work published in 1967)
Bronstein, A. M., Brandt, T., & Woollacott, M. H. (1996). Clinical disorders of balance, posture and gait. London : Arnold ; New York : Co-published in the USA by Oxford University Press.
Chang, Y. L. & Kuo, T. Y. (2009).Study on Transformation in Pattern of Models from Taiwan Fashion Industry-Case Study between 1999-2008. Conference on Fashion Design Education between Taiwan and Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, I1-I11.
Chen, W. M., Park, J., Park, S. B., Shim, V. P., & Lee, T. (2012). Role of gastrocnemius-soleus muscle in forefoot force transmission at heel rise - A 3D finite element analysis. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(10), 1783-1789.
Chung, C. Y., Park, M. S., Lee, S. H., Kong, S. J., & Lee, K. M. (2010). Kinematic aspects of trunk motion and gender effect in normal adults. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 7, 1–9.
Crenna, & Frigo. (1991). Excitability of the Soleus H-reflex arc during stepping in spastic patients. Proceedings of the 14th Meeting of the European Neuroscience Association. Cambridge, p 315.
Cronin, N. J., Barrett, R. S., & Carty, C. P. (2012). Long-term use of high heeled shoes alters the neuromechanics of human walking. Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(6), 1054-1058.
De Lateur, B. J., Giaconi, R. M., Questad, K., Ko, M., & Lehmann, J. F. (1991). Footwear and posture: compensatory strategies for heel height. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 70(5), 246-254.
De Oliveira Pezzan, P. A., João, S. M., Ribeiro, A. P., & Manfio, E. F. (2011). Postural assessment of lumbar lordosis and pelvic alignment angles in adolescent users and nonusers of high-heeled shoes. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 34(9), 614-621.
Ebbeling, C. J., Hamill, J., & Crussemeyer, J. A. (1994). Lower extremity mechanicsand energy cost of walking in highheeled shoes. Journal of Orthopedics Sports Physical Therapy , 19, 190-196.
Edgerton, V. R., Wolf, S. L., Levendowski, D. J., & Roy, R. R. (1997). EMG activity in neck and back muscles during selected static postures in adult males and females. Physical Therapist Practice, 13, 179-195.
Eisenhardt, J. R., Cook, D., Pregler, I., & Foehl, H. C. (1996). Changes in temporalgait characteristics and pressure distribution for bare feet versus various heel heights. Gait Posture, 4, 280–286.
Esenyel, M., Walsh, K., Walden, J. G., & Gitter, A. (2003). Kinetics of high-heeled gait. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 93, 27–32.
Gardiner, M. D. (1976). The principles of exercise therapy, 3rd ed. New York: MacMillan.
Goldie, P., Bach. T., & Evans, O. (1989). Force platform measures for evaluating postural control: Reliability and validity. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 70, 510-517.
Greenberger, H. B., & Paterno, M. V. (1995). Relationship of knee extensor strength and hopping test performance in the assessment of lower extremity function. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 22(5), 202-206.new window
Hansen, A. H., & Childress, H.S. (2004). Effects of shoe heel height on biologic rollover characteristics during walking. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 41(4), 547-554.
Horak, F. B., & Nashner, L. M. (1986). Central prograinmong of postual movements: Adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55, 1369-1381.
Horak, F. B. (1991). Assumptions underlying motor control for neurologic rehabilitation. In: Lister MJ(ed). Contemporary management of motor problems. Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Physical Therapy.
Hylton, B. M., Stephen, R. L., & Richard, C. F. (2003). Age-related differences in walking stability. Age and Ageing, 32, 137-142.
Iida, H., & Yamauro, T. (1987). Kinetic analysis of the center of gravity of the human body in normal and pathological gaits. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(10), 987-995
Jacobson, G. P., Newman, C. W., & Kartush, J. M. (1997). Handbook of Balance Function Testing. Singular Publishing Group Inc, 261-272.
Jones, K., & Baker, K. (1996). Human movement explained. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford
Kaite, B. (1995). The Shoe. Pornography and Difference. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kerrigan, D. C., Todd, M. K., & Riley, P. O. (1998). Knee osteoarthritis and high-heeled shoes. The Lancet, 351(9), 1399–1401
Kim, T. H. (2008). Effect of Shoe Size on Foot Pressure, Ground Reaction Force, and Fatigue during Walking and Running. Physical Therapy Korea, 15(1), 1-11.
Kramers, I. A., Quervain, M. D., Benz, D. A., Muller, R., & Stussi, E. (1996). Trunk and pelvic postural adaptation during high heeled gait. Gait and Posture, 4, 196-197
Lay, A. N., Hass, C. J., Smith, D. W., & Gregor, R. J. (2005). Characterization of a system for studying human gait during slope walking. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 21(2), 153-166.
Lee, A. J. Y., & Lin, W. H. (2007). The influence of gender and somatotype on single-leg upright standing postural stability in children. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 23, 173-179.
Lee, C. R., & Farley, C. (1998). Determinants of the center of mass trajectory in human walking and running. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 201, 2935-2944.
Lee, C. M., Jeong, E. H., & Freivalds, A. (2001). Biomechanical effects of wearing high-heeled shoes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28(6), 321-326.
Mandato, M. G., & Nester, E. (1999). The effects of increasing heel height on forefoot peak pressure. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 89(2), 75-80.
Mark, T. (2005). Fashion brands : branding style from Armani to Zara. USA: Kogan Page.
Menz, H. B., Lord, S. R., & Fitzpatrick, R. C. (2003). Acceleration patterns of the head and pelvis when walking on level and irregular surfaces. Gait and Posture, 18, 35-46.
Mika, A., Oleksy, L., Mika, P., Marchewka, A., & Clark, B. C. (2012). The effect of walking in high- and low-heeled shoes on erector spine activity and pelvis kinematics during gait. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 91(5), 425-434.
Moncur, C. (1993). Posture in the older adult. In: A. A. Guccione (Eds.), Geriatric Physical Therapy (pp. 219-236). Louis, ST: C.V. Mosby Co.
Murray, P. M., Kory, R. C., & Sepic, S. B. (1970). Walking patterns of normal women. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 51(11), 637-650.
Nashner, L. M. (1993). Chapter 12: Practical Biomechanics and Physiology of Balance. In G. Jacobsen, C. Newman. & J. Kartush (Eds). Handbook of balance function and testing (pp.261-279). St. Louis MO: Mosby Year Book.
Norkin, C. C., & Levangie, P. K. (1992). Joint Structure & Function:A Comprehensive Analysis (2nd ed). 448-493. Ohio:Philadelphia. F.A. Davis Company.
Nordin, M., & Frankel, V. H. (2001). Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, (3rd ed). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger
Norman, A., Wise, J., & Olson, M. (2013). Effect of High Heels on Posture. A Senior Research Project Submitted in Partial Completion for the Degree Doctor of Chiropractic, 1-7.
Nuber, G. W. (1998). Biomechanics of the foot and ankle during gait. Clinical Sports Medicine, 7, 1-13.
Perry, J. (1992). Gait analysis: normal and pathological function, Thorofare, NJ, USA: SLACK Incorporated.
Rodriguez, K. (2009). Hip Muscle Strength and Pelvic Obliquity in Collegiate Females During Walking and Stair Descent Tasks. University of Kentucky Master’s Theses, 1-62.
Runge, C. F., Shupert, C. L., Horak, F. B., & Zajac, F. E. (1999). Ankle and hip postural strategies defined by joint torques. Gait Posture, 10, 161-170.
Sabine, S., & Ulman, L. (2013). Thinking While Walking: Experienced High-Heel Walkers Flexibly Adjust Their Gait. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1-7.
Shumway-Cook & Horak, F. B. (1986). Assessing the influence of sensory interaction on balance. Physical Therapy, 66, 1548-1550.
Shumway, C. A., & Wollacott, M. H. (2001). Motor control: Theory and practical applications. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2nd In Ch7: Normal posture control. P163-191.
Silva, A. M., de Siqueira, G. R., & da Silva, G. A. (2013). Implications of high-heeled shoes on body posture of adolescents. Revista paulista de pediatria, 31(2), 265-271.
Simonsen, E. B., Svendsen, M. B., Nørreslet, A., Baldvinsson, H. K., Heilskov, H, T., Larsen, P. K., Alkjær, T., & Henriksen, M. (2012). Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 28(1), 20-28.
Snow R. E, & Wiliams K. R. (1990). Effects of gait, posture, and center of mass position in women walking in high heeled shoes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 22, 23.
Snow, E. E., & Williams, K. R. (1994). High heeled shoes: their effect on center of mass position, posture, three-dimensional kinematics, rearfoot motion, and ground reaction force. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75, 568-576.
Snow, R. E., Williams, K. R., & Holmes, C. B. (1992). The effects of wearing high heeled shoes on pedal pressure in women. Foot Ankle, 13, 85-92.
Soames, R. W., & Clark, C. (1985). Heel height induced changes in metatarsal loading patterns during gait. In Winter DA, Norman RW, Wells RP(Eds). Biomechanics IX-A(pp.446). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
Stefanyshyn, D. J., Nigg, B. M., Fisher, V. B., & Liu, W. (2000).The influence of high heeled shoes on kinematics, kinetics, and muscle EMG of normal female gait. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 16, 309-319
Sutherland, D., Olshen, R., Biden, E., & Wyatt, M. (1998). The Development of Mature Walking. England: Cambridge University Press.
Ucanok, G. M., Peterson, D. R. (2006). Knee and Ankle Deviations during High-heeled Gait. Bioengineering Conference, Proceedings of the IEEE 32nd Annual Northeast, 17-18.
Vaughan, C. L., Davis, B. L., & O’Connor, J. C. (1999). Dynamics of human gait (2nd ed) (pp. 9-11). South Africa: Kiboho Publishers.
Vellas, B. J., Wayne, S. J., Romero, L., Baumgattner, R. N., Rubenstein, L. Z., & Garry, P. J. (1997). One-leg Balance is Important Predictor of Injurious Falls in Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45(6), 733-738.
Wang, C, H., Tsai, Y. S. (2014). The Body Control and Balance of Professional Models. Pan-Asian Journal of Sports & Physical Education. (Accepted from 2014 spring issue).
Wang, Y., Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Latash, M. L. (2005). Muscle synergies involved in shifting the center of pressure while making a first step. Experimental Brain Research, 167(2), 196-210.
Wikstrom, E. A., Tillman, M. D., Chmielewski, T. L., & Borsa, P. A. (2006). Measurement and Evaluation of Dynamic Joint Stability of the Knee and Ankle After Injury. Sports Medicine, 36(5), 393-410.
Winter, D. A. (1987). The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait. USA: University of Waterloo Press, 45-54.
Winter, D. A. (1995). Anatomy, biomechanics and control of balance during stading and walking. Canadian: Cataloguing in Publication Data.
Wright L. (1989). Objectifying Gender: The Stiletto Heel. In Attfield, J. & Kirkham, P. (Ed.), A View from the Interior─Feminism Women and Design (pp.7-19). The Womens Press.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關書籍
 
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE