| 期刊論文1. | Manning, R.、Limne, D.、Freimund, W.、Pitt, D.(1996)。Crowding norms at frontcountry sites: A visual approach to setting standards of quality.。Leisure Sciences,18(1),39-59。 | 2. | Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M.、Petruzzi, J.(1996)。Country of origin, encounter norms and crowding in a frontcountry setting。Leisure Sciences,18(2),161-176。 | 3. | Heywood, J. L.(2002)。The cognitive and emotional components of behavior norms in outdoor recreation。Leisure Sciences,24(3/4),271-281。 | 4. | Manning, Robert、Jacobi, Charles、Valliere, William、Wang, Benjamin(1998)。Standards of Quality in Parks and Recreation。Parks and Recreation,33(7),88-94。 | 5. | Gramann, J. H.(1982)。Toward a Behavioral Theory of Crowding in Outdoor Recreation: An Evaluation and Synthesis of Research。Leisure Sciences,5(2),109-126。 | 6. | 陳沛悌、林晏州(19970600)。社會常模之探討--以秀姑巒溪泛舟活動遇見船數的常模為例。戶外遊憩研究,10(2),1-18。 延伸查詢 | 7. | 林晏州(19900600)。健行步道遊憩容許量之評定。東海學報,31,613-627。 延伸查詢 | 8. | 林晏州、吳義隆(19890600)。玉山國家公園宿營地點之實質生態遊憩容許量之評定。東海學報,30,539-558。 延伸查詢 | 9. | Swan, J. E.、Trawick, I. F.(1981)。Disconfirmation of satisfaction with a retail service。Journal of Retailing,57(3),49-67。 | 10. | 林晏州(20000300)。社會遊憩容許量評估方法之比較。戶外遊憩研究,13(1),1-20。 延伸查詢 | 11. | 林晏州(19880600)。社會心理遊憩容許量之研究。東海學報,29(2),819-848。 延伸查詢 | 12. | Vaske, J. J.、Schelby, B.、Graefe, A. R.、Heberlein, T. A.(1986)。Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method and empirical evidence。Journal of Leisure Research,18(3),137-153。 | 13. | Jackson, Jay(1975)。Normative Power and Conflict Potential。Sociological Methods and Research,4(2),237-239。 | 14. | 許義忠(20021200)。遊客對參加冒險旅遊之動機與滿意度之研究--以秀姑巒溪泛舟為例。觀光研究學報,8(2),115-130。 延伸查詢 | 15. | Shelby, B.(1981)。Encounter norms in backcountry settings: Studies of three rivers。Journal of Leisure Research,13(2),129-138。 | 16. | Fluker, Martin R.、Turner, Lindsay W.(2000)。Needs, motivations, and expectations of a commercial whitewater rafting experience。Journal of Travel Research,38(4),380-389。 | 17. | Parasuraman, Ananthanarayanan Parsu、Zeithaml, Valarie A.、Berry, Leonard L.(1988)。SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service quality。Journal of Retailing,64(1),12-40。 | 18. | 陳沛悌、林晏州(19970900)。秀姑巒溪泛舟活動社會心理容許量之探討。戶外遊憩研究,10(3),19-36。 延伸查詢 | 19. | McDonald, C. D.(1996)。Normative perspectives on outdoor recreation behavior: introductory comments。Leisure Sciences,18,1-6。 | 20. | Manning, Robert E.(1985)。Crowding norms in backcountry settings: a review and synthesis。Journal of Leisure Research,17(2),75-89。 | 21. | Hall, T.、Shelby, B.(1996)。Who cares about encounters? Differences between those with and without norms。Leisure Sciences,18(1),7-22。 | 22. | Basman, C. M.、Manfredo, Michael J.、Barro, S. C.、Vaske, J. J.、Watson, A.(1996)。Norm accessibility: An exploratory study of backcountry and frontcountry recreational norms。Leisure Sciences,18,177-191。 | 23. | Donnelly, M. P.、Vaske, J. J.、Whittaker, D.、Shelby, B.(2000)。Toward an understanding of norm prevalence: A comparative analysis of 20 years of research。Environmental Management,25(4),403-414。 | 24. | Hall, T.、Shelby, B.、Rolloff, D.(1996)。Effect of varied question format on boaters' norms。Leisure Sciences,18,193-204。 | 25. | Hammitt, W. E.、Rutlin, W. M.(1995)。Use encounter standards and curves for achieved privacy in wilderness。Leisure Sciences,17,245-262。 | 26. | Heywood, J. L.(1993)。Behavioral conventions in higher density, day use wildland/ urban recreation settings: A preliminary case study。Journal of Leisure Research,25(1),39-52。 | 27. | Heywood, J. L.(1996)。Social regularities in outdoor recreation。Leisure Sciences,18,23-37。 | 28. | Heywood, J. L.(1996)。Conventions, emerging norms and in outdoor recreation。Leisure Sciences,18,355-363。 | 29. | Kim, S.、Shelby, B.(1998)。Norms for behavior and conditions in two national park campgrounds in Korea。Environmental Management,22,277-285。 | 30. | Lewis, M. S.、Lime, D. W.、Anderson, D. H.(1996)。Paddle canoeist's encounter norms in Minnesota's Biundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness。Leisure Sciences,18,143-160。 | 31. | Manning, R. E.(1997)。Social carrying capacity of parks and outdoor recreation areas。Parks and Recreation,32(1),32-38。 | 32. | Manning, R. E.、Lime, D. W.、Hof, M.、Freimund, W. A.(1995)。The visitor experience and resource protection process: The application of carrying capacity to Arches National Park。The George Wright Forum,12,41-55。 | 33. | Manning, R. E.、Lime, D. W.、Hof, M.(1996)。Social carrying capacity of natural areas: Theory and application in the U. S. National Parks。Natural Areas Journal,16(2),118-127。 | 34. | Martinson, K.、Shelby, B.(1992)。Encounter and proximity norms for salmon anglers in California and New Zealand。North American Journal of Fisheries Management,12,559-567。 | 35. | Noe, F. P.(1992)。Further questions about the measurement and conceptualization of backcountry encounter norms。Journal of Leisure Research,24(1),86-92。 | 36. | Patterson, Michael E.、Hammitt, W. E.(1990)。Backcountry encounter norms, actual reported encounters, and their relationship to wilderness solitude。Journal of Leisure Research,22(3),259-275。 | 37. | Roggenbuck, J. W.、Williams, D. R.、Bange, S. P.、Dean, D. J.(1991)。River float trip encounter norms: Questioning the use of the social norms concept。Journal of Leisure Research,23(2),133-153。 | 38. | Rossi, Peter H.、Berk, Richard A.(1985)。Varieties of normative consensus。American Sociological Review,50(3),33-47。 | 39. | Shelby, B.、Harris, R.(1985)。Comparing methods for determining visitor evaluations of ecological impacts: Site visits, photographs, and written descriptions。Journal of Leisure Research,17(1),57-67。 | 40. | Shelby, B.、Vaske, J. J.(1991)。Using normative data to develop evaluative standards for resource management: A comment on three recent papers。Journal of Leisure Research,23(2),173-187。 | 41. | Shelby, B.、Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.(1996)。Norms, standards, and natural resources。Leisure Sciences,18,103-123。 | 42. | Shelby, B.、Vaske, J. J.、Harris, R.(1988)。User standards for ecological impacts at wilderness campsites。Journal of Leisure Research,20(3),245-256。 | 43. | Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.(2002)。Generalizing the encounter-norm-crowding relationship。Leisure Sciences,24(3/4),255-269。 | 44. | Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.、Shelby, B.(1993)。Establishing management standards: Selected examples of the normative approach。Environmental Management,17(4),629-643。 | 45. | Whittaker, D.、Shelby, B.(1988)。Types of norms for recreation impacts: Extending the social norms concept。Journal of Leisure Research,20(4),261-273。 | 46. | Williams, D. R.、Roggenbuck, J. W.、Bange, S.(1991)。The effect of norm-encounter compatibility on crowding perceptions, experience and behavior in river recreation settings。Journal of Leisure Research,23(2),154-172。 | 會議論文1. | Heberlein, T. A.(1977)。Density, crowding, and satisfaction: Sociological studies for determining carrying capacities。沒有紀錄。67-76。 | 2. | Manning, Robert E.、Valliere, William A.、Jacobi, Charles(1997)。Crowding norms for the carriage roads of Acadia National Park: Alternative measurement approaches。沒有紀錄。 | 圖書1. | Michener, H. A.、Delamater, J. D.、Schwartz, S. H.(1986)。Social psychology。New York, NY:Harcount Brace Jovannovich Publishers。 | 2. | Jary, David、Jary, Julia(1995)。Harper Collins Dictionary of Sociology。沒有紀錄:HarperCollins Publishers (Chinese Version published in Hong Kong)。 | 3. | Manning, R. E.(1999)。Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction。Corvallis, Oregon:Oregon State University Press。 | 4. | Cancian, F.(1975)。What are norms? A study of beliefs and actions in a Maya community。What are norms? A study of beliefs and actions in a Maya community。New York, NY。 | 5. | Hewitt, J. P.(1979)。Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology。Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology。Boston, MA。 | 6. | Heywood, J. L.(2000)。Current approaches to norms research。Wilderness science in a time of change conference - Volume 4: Wilderness visitors, experiences, and visitor management。Ogden, UT。 | 7. | Jackson, J.(1965)。Structural of characteristics of norms。Current studies of social psychology。New York, NY。 | 8. | Schwartz, S. H.(1970)。Moral decision making and behavior。Altruism and helping behavior: Some psychological studies of some antecedents and consequences。New York, NY。 | 9. | Shelby, B.、Heberlein, T. A.(1986)。Carrying capacity in recreation setting。Carrying capacity in recreation setting。Corvallis, OR。 | |