The People’s Anti-Japanese Allied Army in Chahar (「察哈爾民眾抗日同盟軍) of 1933 is the last military gambling of Feng Yu-hsiang (馮玉祥) to challenge Chiang Kai-shek’s power. Feng’s original attempt is to organize the itinerant militarists and the militant rural combination in Chahar, in the name of anti-Japanese invation, to call for an anti-Chiang Alliance of other KMT factions. So in this article, the author differs from former researchers in that, besides the traditional focuses on “the war against Japan” and “the career of Feng Yu-hsiang”, he also brings in the issue of militarism, especially the behavior model of the itinerant militarists and the militant rural combination, in order to explain the reasons why the Allied Army arose so rapidly and collapsed so easily. The author believes this would be an interesting dimension to understanding the Chahar event and the Chinese militarism in the 1930’s.