預防原則之研究--國際環境法處理欠缺科學證據之環境風險議題之努力與爭議_

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題名：	預防原則之研究--國際環境法處理欠缺科學證據之環境風險議題之努力與爭議
書刊名：	國立臺灣大學法學論叢
作者：	牛惠之
作者(外文)：	Niu, Huei-chih
出版日期：	2005
卷期：	34:3
頁次：	頁1-71
主題關鍵詞：	預防原則；國際環境法；多邊環境協定；風險管理；核子試爆案二；匈牙利/斯洛伐克水壩案；南方黑鮪案；MOX核廢料加工廠案；軟法；暫時性措施；Precautionary principle；International environmental law；MEAs；Risk management；Nuclear tests case Ⅱ；Gabčikovo-Nagymaros case；Southern bluefin tuna case；MOX plant case；Soft law；Provisional measures
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(26) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:26 共同引用:0 點閱:114

預防原則爲國際環境法中發展出以處理關於具有科學不確定性的環境風險之權宜性指導方針。預防原則雖然立意甚佳，但因國際間對於環境議題所持之態度與立場有所不同，故對於預防原則之具體內涵、實踐方式，甚至法律效果與法律地位等皆無共識，而引發不少爭議。本文茲就國際環境法發展之重要概念與精神，與其對於預防原則之孕育，國際間透過多邊環境協定對於預防原則之引用與法典化所作之努力，以及國際法院、國際海洋法法庭與世界貿易組織等涉及預防原則之爭端案例，分別進行分析與介紹；以探討預防原則在發展過程中受到之影響與牽制，並進而針對預防原則之爭議性法律議題，以及其所涵蓋之範圍與應有之實質內涵與構成要件加以釐清。

以文找文

Precautionary Principle is one of the major legal principles that developed in international environmental law in the last decade, and is aimed to deal with environmental risks or impacts with no scientific certainty. The concept of precautionary principle was built in the 1992 Rio Declaration and sold to the global accordingly. By far, precautionary principle has been applied and referred in several MEAs and international dispute cases. However, no uniform understanding of its meaning is reached, amongst states and commentators. The present paper therefore seeks to address the controversies of this very principle by means of exploring the background, i.e. the special features of international environmental law, for developing precautionary principle. Attentions will therefore be made to clarify the nature and scope of precautionary principle. It is suggested that precautionary principle should function as a guideline in the decision-making process of risk management. It is therefore the aim of the present paper to examine the legal interpretations and significance of precautionary principle and to propose a structure of the contents of precautionary principle, so as to identify the preconditions for applying, and major directions provided in, this principle.

以文找文

期刊論文
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18.	Katz, D.(2001)。The Mismatch Between the Biosafety Protocol and the Precautionary Principle。Georgetown International Environmental Law Review，13，949-982。
19.	Kwiatkowska, B.(1995)。New Zealand v. France Nuclear Tests case: The 'Little big ’ Order of the International Court of Justice of 22 September 1995。Finnish Yearbook of International Law，1-139。
20.	Lammers, J.(1998)。The Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Case seen in particular from the perspective of the Law of International Watercourses and the Protection of the Environment。Leiden Journal of International Law，11，287-320。
21.	McIntyre, O.、Mosedale, T.(1997)。The Precautionary Principle as a Norm of Customary International Law。Journal of Environmental Law，9，221-241。
22.	McGinnis, J. O.(2003)。The Appropriate Hierarchy of Global Multilateralism and Customary International Law: The Example of the WTO。Virginia Journal of International Law，44(1)，229。
23.	McNelis, N.(2001)。The Role of the Judge in the EU and WTO - Lessons from the BSE and Hormones。Journal of International Law，4(1)，189-208。
24.	Montini, M.(1997)。The Nature and Function of the Necessity and Proportionality Principle in the Trade and Environment Context。Review of European Community and International Environmental Law，6(2)，121-130。
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