司馬遷和班固的思想，大半分散的表現在《史記》 、 《漢書》各篇的論贊中。他們因為時代環境有別、身世遭遇不同，以及思想異趣等因素，以致對於同一人物和事件的評論，往往有形式或實質上的不同，所以通過對《史》 、 《漢》內容大體相同，而論贊卻有所不同各篇的比較，可以看出馬、班在許多方面看法的異同。藉此把握雙方思想的要領，是前人所不曾全面從事，而為本文所專注的議題。其次，前人比較馬、班的不同，絕大多數將其注意力集中於孰優孰劣的問題，本文則將注意雙方議論雖然不同，然而各具匠心，提出同樣值得後人重視的見解，甚至都是至理名言的情形，為馬、班思想和漢代歷史的研究提供另一種視角。 本文特選《史記．外戚世家》等八篇世家、〈鄒陽列傳〉等十四篇列傳，與《漢書．外戚傳》 、 〈鄒陽傳〉等十四篇性質、內容相近，論贊不同的各篇，依《史記》先後順序綜為十三則論贊之比較，為著者從事《史》、《漢》論贊比較研究三篇系列論文中之一篇。

The essence of Sima Qian’s and Ban Gu’s thoughts are concentrated in their historical commentaries in Shiji and Hanshu, respectively. A comparison of the content of and commentary on the historical events that are narrated in both works will show their similarities and differences as influenced by the authors’ different environments, experiences, and thoughts. Instead of earlier comparisons which focused on the superiority/inferiority between the two, this paper will try to emphasize each author’s important and valuable historical ideas without discrimination, i.e. despite their differences. This can offer a new research perspective on the thoughts of Sima Qian and Ban Gu, as well as on the Han Dynasty. There are 13 cases that will be compared and analyzed in this paper, ranging from “Wai Qi Shi Jia” (The Hereditary Houses of The Empresses) to “Han Changru Lie Zhuan” (The Biography of Han Changru).