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題名：The Conceptualization of State: A Comparative Study of Metaphors in the R.O.C. (Taiwan) and U.S. Constitutions
書刊名：Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者：江文瑜／邱盛秀
作者(外文)：Chiang, Wen-yu／Chiu, Sheng-hsiu
出版日期：2007
卷期：33:1
頁次：頁19-46
主題關鍵詞：國家；概念隱喻；語法隱喻；中華民國憲法；美國憲法；權力；意識型態；State；Conceptual metaphor；Grammatical metaphor；R.O.C. Constitution；U.S. Constitution；Power；Ideology
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:6
  • 點閱點閱:104
本研究藉由Charteris-Black（2004）所提出的「批判隱喻分析」
及Halliday（1985）所主張的「語法隱喻分析」等兩種隱喻分析模式，
從隱喻角度探討中華民國及美國憲法中「國家」一詞之現象及其所呈
現之意義。研究結果顯示，「國家」之概念隱喻角色在中華民國憲法中
較多為「保護者」、「設/建立者」和「獎勵者」的擬人化角色，而美國
憲法中則為「擁有者」與「握有者」的角色。另外，中華民國憲法中
之「國家」一詞多出現於主動句中之主詞位置，並扮演施事者之語意
角色。相對地，美國憲法中之「國家」一詞多以介係詞片語形式作為
後修飾語出現於被動句中，並扮演非施事者之語意角色。我們分析兩
部憲法所呈現出的不同隱喻方式顯現了兩部憲法擬定者對「國家」的
不同的意識型態。
This paper uses Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004), and
Grammatical Metaphor Analysis (Halliday 1985) to analyze the conceptual and
grammatical metaphors of STATE appearing in the Constitutions of the Republic of
China (Taiwan) and the United States. We demonstrate that metaphors related to
STATE in the R.O.C. Constitution mostly represent the state as PROTECTOR,
ESTABLISHER and AWARDER, whereas the U.S. Constitution casts the state in the
role of POSSESSOR or HOLDER. As for grammatical metaphors, the lexeme state in
the R.O.C. Constitution tends to occur as an agent subject in active sentences. In the
U.S. Constitution, in contrast, the lexeme state most often occurs in passive sentences,
in a role other than that of agent, usually as part of a modifying prepositional phrase.
We propose that differences in the types of metaphors used in these two texts reflect
differences in the framers’ intent, as well as differences in the two societies’
characterization of the power structure defined by the lexeme state.
Other
1.Tilly, Charles(1975)。Reflections on the History of European State-Making，Princeton。  new window
期刊論文
1.Semino, Elena(2002)。A Sturdy Baby or a Derailing Train? Metaphorical Representations of the Euro in British and Italian Newspapers。Text，22(1)，107-139。  new window
2.蘇以文(20001200)。Mapping in Thought and Language as Evidenced in Chinese。漢學研究，18(特刊)=36，395-424。new window  new window
3.Kress, Gunther(1990)。Critical discourse analysis。Annual review of Applied linguistics，11，84-99。  new window
4.Van Dijk, Teun Adrianus(1995)。Discourse Semantics and Ideology。Discourse & Society，6(2)，243-289。  new window
5.Semino, Elena、Masci, Michela(1996)。Politics is football: Metaphor in the discourse of Silvio Berlusconi in Italy。Discourse and Society，7(2)，243-269。  new window
6.Koller, Veronika(2005)。Critical discourse analysis and social cognition: evidence from business media discourse。Discourse & Society，16(2)，199-224。  new window
7.Howes, Dustin Ells(2003)。When states choose to die: Rewassessing assumptions about what states want。International Studies Quarterly，47，669-692。  new window
8.Koller, V.(2002)。A shotgun wedding: Co-occurrence of war and marriage metaphors in mergers and acquisitions discourse。Metaphor and Symbol，17，179-203。  new window
9.Iress, G.(1989)。History and Language: Towards a social account of linguistic change。Journal of Pragmatics，13，445-466。  new window
10.Lakoff, George(1991)。metaphor and war: the metaphor system used to justify war in the Gulf。Journal of Peace Research，23，25-32。  new window
11.Lawler, Peter(2005)。The good state: In praise of 'classical' internationalism。Review of International Studies，31，427-449。  new window
12.Neumann, Iver B.(2004)。Beware of organicism: The narrative self of the state。Review of International Studies，30，259-267。  new window
13.Oldfather, Chad M.(1994)。The hidden ball: A substantive critique of baseball metaphors in judicial opinions。Connecticut Law Review，17，27-68。  new window
14.Ross, Thomas W.(1989)。Metaphor and paradox。Georgetown Law Review，23，1053。  new window
15.Thornburg, Elizabeth G.(1995)。Metaphors matter: How images of battle, sports, and sex shape the adversary system。Wisconsin Women's Law Journal，10，225-282。  new window
16.Wendt, Alexander(2004)。The state as person in international theory。Review of International Studies，30，298-316。  new window
17.Winter, Steven L.(1988)。The metaphor of standing and the problem of self-governance。Stanford Law Review，40，1371-1387。  new window
18.Chilton, Paul、Ilyin, Mikhail(1993)。Metaphor in Political Discourse: the Case of the Common European House。Discourse and Society，4(1)，7-31。  new window
會議論文
1.Ahrens, Kathleen(2002)。When Love Is Not Digested: Underlying Reasons for Source to Target Domain Pairings in the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor。The First Cognitive Linguistics Conference。Taipei：National Chengchi University。273-302。  new window
學位論文
1.Coggins, Bridget(2002)。Secession, Recognition and the International Politics of Statehood。  new window
圖書
1.黃沛榮(2009)。部件教學法的運用及其局限。漢字教學的理論和實踐。臺北：樂學書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.Woodward, T.(1996)。Models and metaphors in language teacher training。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Poggi, Gianfranco(1978)。The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction。Stanford：Stanford University Press。  new window
4.Solan, Lawrence M.(1993)。The Language of Judges。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Mellor, Roy E. H.(1989)。Nation, State, and Territory。New York。  new window
6.Held, David、Robertson, Martin(1983)。States and Societies。New York。  new window
7.Skinner, Quentin(1978)。The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Vol. 2)。Cambridge, Eng.。  new window
8.Ortony, A.(1993)。Metaphor and Thought。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
9.Fairclough, N.(1995)。Critical discourse analysis: Papers in the critical study of language。London, England：NY：Longman。  new window
10.Fairclough, Norman(2001)。Language and Power。Longman。  new window
11.Van Dijk, T. A.(1998)。Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach。London：Thousand Oaks, Calif：Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
12.Halliday, Michael A. K.(1985)。An Introduction to Functional Grammar。London：Edward Arnold。  new window
13.Phillips, Louise J.、Jørgensen, Marianne W.(2002)。Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method。Sage。  new window
14.Turner, Mark(1987)。Death Is The Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
15.Lakoff, George、Turner, Mark(1989)。More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。  new window
16.van Dijk, Teun A.(1991)。Racism and the Press。London：Routledge。  new window
17.Fowler, Roger(1991)。Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press。Routledge。  new window
18.Lakoff, George、Johnson, Mark、Chou, Shizhen(1980)。Metaphors We Live By。University of Chicago Press。  new window
19.Lakoff, George(1987)。Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind。Chicago, IL：Chicago University Press。  new window
20.Charteris-Black, Jonathan(2004)。Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis。Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
21.Fairclough, Norman(1989)。Language and power。Longman。  new window
22.Aarts, Bas(2001)。English Syntax and Argumentation。English Syntax and Argumentation。New York。  new window
23.Chilton, Paul、Lakoff, George(1995)。Foreign policy by metaphor。Language and Peace。Singapore。  new window
24.Chilton, Paul(1996)。The meaning of security。Post-Realism: The Rhetorical Turn in International Relations。East Lansing。  new window
25.Fairclough, Norman、Wodak, R.(1997)。Critical discourse analysis。Discourse as Social Interaction。London。  new window
26.Leary, David E.(2003)。Psyche's muse: The role of metaphor in the history of psychology。Metaphors in the History of Psychology。Cambridge。  new window
27.Medubi, O.(2003)。Language and ideology in Nigerian cartoons。Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings。Berlin。  new window
28.Mellinkoff, David(1963)。Langauge of the Law。Langauge of the Law。Boston。  new window
29.Milliken, Jennifer L.(1996)。Metaphors of prestige and reputation in American foreign policy and American realism。Post-Realism: The Rhetorical Turn in International Relations。East Lansing。  new window
30.Musolff, Andreas(1995)。Promising to end a war。Language and Peace。Aldershot。  new window
31.Neumann, Franz(1964)。The Democratic and the Authoritarian State。The Democratic and the Authoritarian State。New York。  new window
32.Rohrer, T.(2004)。Cartooning and ideology: A conceptual blending analysis of contemporary and WWII war cartoons。Ideology zwischen Luge und Wahrheitsanspruch。Wiesbaden, Germany。  new window
33.Santa Ana, O.(2003)。Three mandates for anti-minority policy expressed in U. S. public discourse metaphors。Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings。Berlin。  new window
34.Schäffner, Christina(1995)。The 'balance' metaphor in relation to peace。Language and Peace。Aldershot。  new window
35.Stockwell, P. A.(1999)。Towards a critical cognitive linguistics。Discourses of Wars and Conflict。Potchefstroom, South Africa。  new window
36.Van Dijk, Teun A.(1993)。Discourse and Elite Racism。Discourse and Elite Racism。London。  new window
37.White, M.、Herrera, H.(2003)。Metaphor and ideology in the press coverage of telecom corporate consolidations。Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings。Berlin。  new window
38.Wodak, R.、Meyer, Martin(2001)。Methods of Discourse Analysis。Methods of Discourse Analysis。London。  new window
39.Wolf, Hans-Georg、Polzenhagen, Frank(2003)。Conceptual metaphor as ideological stylistic means: An exemplary analysis。Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings。Berlin。  new window
其他
1.Chung, Siaw-Fong(2005)。MARKET metaphors: Chinese, English and Malay，Taipei, Taiwan。  new window
圖書論文
1.Lakoff, George(1993)。The contemporary theory of metaphor。Metaphor and thought。Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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