本研究以九十一學年度 279位大專以及高中甲組籃球運動員作為研究對象，探討大專與高中籃球運動員其運動心理技能、成敗歸因上的差異性。所得資料以獨立樣本 t 考驗以及單因子變異數分析進行資料處理。研究結果發現：一、高中球員在運動心理技能的焦慮、專注及動機因素明顯高於大專球員。二、大專球員相對於高中球員傾向於將成功歸因於運氣，失敗歸因於環境因素。三、不同成績組別的大專球員之各項心理技能水準相類似，而成績較佳的高中球員在信心因素優於成績較差的球員。四、不同成績組別的大專及高中球員在成敗歸因結果顯示，成績較差的球隊相對於成績較佳的球隊易將成功歸因於運氣，失敗歸因於環境因素等外部因素。此結果對於大專以及名次較後的球員與教練無疑是一個值得重視的問題，因為有良好的心理技能及健全的成敗歸因傾向，才是成功運動員優秀人格特質的關鍵。

The study surveyed 279 first division male basketball players from 91th Academic-year College and Senior High School Basketball Games. The primary purposes of this research were to investigate the variations of sport psychological skills and casual attributions of college and high school basketball players. Data was treated by t-test and one-way ANOVA. The important results and findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Sport psychological skills of anxiety, concentration, and motivation factors of senior high school players are obviously higher than college players. (2) Compared to high school players, college players tend to attribute success to fortune, and failure to environment. (3) College players of division of different result in each psychological skill are similar. Factor of confidence of superior-result of senior high school players are better than inferior-result players. (4) college and senior high school players of division of different result on causal attribution suggest that the team of inferior result compared to the team of superior result tends to attribute success to fortune, and failure to external factors like environment. The results of this study are important issues for coaches of college and inferior place-teams because good psychological skills and sound causal attributions are crucial characteristics of sueccessful athetes.