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題名:國小初任教師教學信念、教學成敗歸因及其有效教學表現之研究
作者:黃儒傑 引用關係
作者(外文):JU-CHIEH HUANG
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:張酒雄
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:教學信念教學成敗歸因教學表現初任教師國小teaching beliefsattributions of successful and failed teachingperformances of teachingnovice teacherselementary school
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摘 要
本研究以台北市及台北縣國民小學初任教師為對象,透過問卷調查與訪談之實施,了解國小初任教師之教學信念、教學成敗歸因及有效教學表現的現況及其關係,並分析潛隱信念影響教學表現模式之徑路關係。其具體目的如下:
1. 瞭解國小初任教師教學信念、教學成敗歸因及有效教學表現的現況。
2. 探討國小初任教師的教學信念與其有效教學表現的關係。
3. 探討國小初任教師的教學成敗歸因與其有效教學表現的關係。
4. 探討國小初任教師的教學信念與教學成敗歸因對其有效教學表現的預測力。
5. 分析潛隱信念影響教學表現模式之徑路關係。
6. 歸納上述研究結果,提出有關初任教師教學情形的建議,冀供學校當局與教育行政機關參考,藉以提供適切的在職進修,提昇教師的專業素養。
為達成上述目的,本研究進行有關初任教師的特質、潛隱信念影響教學表現模式、教學信念的理論與研究、教學成敗歸因的理論與研究、有效教學表現的理論與研究等方面的文獻探討,建立本研究之理論基礎,並據以編製「國小初任教師教學信念、教學成敗歸因及有效教學表現調查問卷」及「國小資深教師教學信念、教學成敗歸因及有效教學表現調查問卷」,進行資料的蒐集。研究對象包括問卷調查對象與訪談對象,前者包含初任教師與資深教師二類研究對象。初任教師從台北市與台北縣抽取171所學校,回收532份問卷,回收率為73.0%。資深教師抽取86所學校,回收262份問卷,回收率為71.2%。問卷調查資料採次數分配、平均數、標準差、因素分析、信度分析、單變量相依樣本變異數分析、多變量變異數分析、積差相關分析、典型相關分析、多元迴歸、徑路分析、集群分析等統計方法,進行資料的描述、分析及考驗。而後者訪談對象的選取,係對問卷調查樣本進行集群分析分為四個集群,再就各集群有意願接受訪談的初任教師,分別抽取二位台北市教師與三位台北縣教師,共二十位教師,進行半結構式訪談。
研究結果共獲得下列十二項結論:
一、初任教師的教學信念觀點因層面的不同而略有差異。
二、教師教學因素、學生因素及教材因素是教學成敗的關鍵。
三、初任教師大都積極投入教學工作。
四、初任教師的教學信念因教學環境及教師特質的不同而稍有差異。
五、初任教師的有效教學表現因教學環境及教師特質的不同而稍有差異。
六、初任教師與資深教師的潛隱信念及教學表現有些許差異。
七、教學信念與有效教學表現具相關性,並以效能層面與有效教學表現的關係較密切。
八、教學成功歸因與有效教學表現具相關性,並以教師教學因素與有效教學表現的關係較密切。
九、教學失敗歸因與有效教學表現具相關性。
十、教學信念與教學成敗歸因對有效教學表現約具三成預測力,並以教學成功歸因的教師教學因素最具預測力。
十一、潛隱信念影響教學表現模式中,教學成功歸因與教學信念對教學表現具直接影響與間接影響。
十二、潛隱信念中,教學成功歸因的教師教學因素及效能信念較具影響力。
此外,本研究依據前述研究結論,對初任教師、教育行政機關及學校,提出下列相關建議:
一、 初任教師宜時常省思自己的教學信念,以增進教學效能。
二、 舉辦各項在職進修與座談,提供初任教師專業支持體系,以提昇其效能信念。
三、 初任教師可多向資深優良教師請益教學策略。
四、 了解實習教師與初任教師的歸因方式,並提供適宜的專業協助。
五、 針對中小型學校及擔任級任教師的初任教師,提供行政及教學上的協助,減少其工作負擔。
六、 調整教科書各單元教材難度,並進行課程教材相關研習,減少初任教師教學不利因素。
七、 有關教學議題的教育改革,不宜輕忽潛隱信念與理論對教學實際的影響。
除此之外,本研究還對未來的研究,提供一些相關建議。首先,教學信念具有在概念意涵上彼此獨立的多個層面,因此,研究時宜採多層面多取向的觀點。其次,可進行長時間的教育民俗誌研究,從文化或生活史觀點,解釋初任教師的教學情形。再者,可考慮擴展研究對象與研究範圍,進行初任教師的研究。
A study of elementary school novice teachers’ teaching beliefs, attributions of successful and failed teaching, and their performances of teaching
Abstract
Via questionnaire and interview, this study aims to investigate the relations among current elementary schools novice teachers’ teaching beliefs, attributions of successful and failed teaching, and their performances of effective teaching, and to analyze the paths of the model of implicit beliefs effecting performances of teaching. The elementary novice teachers in Taipei City and Taipei County are the object of questionnaires and interviews in this study. The purposes of this study are as follows:
1. To investigate current elementary school novice teachers’ beliefs about teaching, attributions of successful and failed teaching, and their performances of effective teaching.
2. To examine the relations between elementary school novice teachers’ beliefs about teaching and their performances of effective teaching.
3. To examine the relations between elementary school novice teachers’ attributions of successful and failed teaching and their performances of effective teaching.
4. To analyze the predictive effect of elementary school novice teachers’ beliefs about teaching and attributions of successful and failed teaching to their performances of effective teaching.
5. To analyze the paths of the model of implicit beliefs effecting performances of teaching.
6. To provide some implications about elementary school novice teachers’ teaching.
This study reviewed literatures about above topics and constructed “Questionnaire of elementary school novice teachers’ beliefs about teaching, attributions of successful and failed teaching, and their teaching performances ” and “Questionnaire of elementary school experienced teachers’ teaching beliefs, attributions of successful and failed teaching, and their teaching performances ” for collecting data. The return rates of these two questionnaires were 73.0% and 71.2% respectively. Frequency distributions, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA of two dependent samples, MANOVA, multiple regression, path analysis, and cluster analysis were used for data analysis. Furthermore, this study implemented semi-structured interview for twenty teachers sampling from four clusters of elementary school novice teachers.
The conclusions of this study are summed as follows:
1. The perspectives of novice teachers show some difference among dimensions of their beliefs about teaching.
2. Teachers’ teaching, students’ ability and effort, and difficulty of material are the important factors of successful teaching.
3. In general the novice teachers are positively involved in their teaching.
4. Some differences in beliefs about teaching have been found among novice teachers with different school environments and attributes.
5. Some differences in performances of effective teaching have been found among novice teachers with different school environments and attributes.
6. Novice teachers and experienced teachers show some differences in implicit beliefs and performances of teaching.
7. Beliefs about teaching are positive correlated to performances of effective teaching, and the effectiveness belief about teaching is more closely related.
8. Attributions of successful teaching are positive correlated to performances of effective teaching, and the factor of teachers’ teaching is more closely related.
9. Attributions of failed teaching are positive correlated to performances of effective teaching.
10. Beliefs about teaching and attributions of successful and failed teaching can predict 30% variation of performances of effective teaching, and the factor of teachers’ teaching of attributions of successful teaching has more predictive effect.
11. In the model of implicit beliefs effecting performances of teaching, the attributions of successful teaching and beliefs about teaching have direct and indirect effect on performances of teaching.
12. In the implicit beliefs, the factor of teachers’ teaching of attributions of successful teaching and the effectiveness belief about teaching has more effect.
Base on above conclusions, the research provides several suggestions as follows:
1. Novice teachers should often reflect your beliefs about teaching to promote teaching effectiveness.
2. Initiate in-service workshops to give novice teachers support systems of teaching profession, and to advance their effectiveness belief about teaching.
3. Novice teachers can ask experienced teachers about instructional strategies.
4. Investigate the attributions of successful and failed teaching of practice teachers and novice teachers to provide professional assistance.
5. Give the novice teachers of middle and small school and those taking class tutor administrative and instructional assistance to reduce the burden of works.
6. Adjust the difficulty of textbooks and initiate workshops of curriculum and material to reduce disadvantageous factors of novice teachers’ teaching.
7. Educational reforms about teaching don’t neglect the effect of implicit beliefs to instructional practice.
Furthermore, this study provides some suggestions for future studies. First, the dimensions of beliefs about teaching are independent in theoretical perspectives, so the researchers should use the procedure of multiple dimensions and multiple orientations to study it. Second, the researchers can implement long-term ethnographic research to explain the context of novice teachers’ teaching from the perspectives of culture or life history. Finally, the researchers can add more objects and enlarge the extent of the research to investigate novice teacher.
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