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題名:中學優秀運動員內在心理因素、外在環境因素及運動自我效能之關係研究–以高雄市為例
作者:林暐庭 引用關係
作者(外文):LIN, WEI-TING
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育學系
指導教授:吳裕益
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:運動內在心理因素運動外在環境因素運動自我效能結構方程模式運動人格特質運動心理技能運動教練領導行為運動社會支持sport intrinsic mental efficacysport external surrounding efficacysport self-efficacystructure equation modeling (SEM)personalitysport psychological skillscoach leadership behaviorssport social support
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本研究主要目的是以運動心理學理論為基礎,來探究中學優秀運動員內在心理因素、外在環境因素及運動自我效能之關係。依據文獻探討歸納出運動人格特質、運動心理技能、運動教練領導行為、運動社會支持各五個次構念預測運動自我效能之結構方程模式,以作為修訂適合用來測量國內中學優秀運動員內在心理因素、外在環境因素及運動自我效能之標準化測量工具。本研究以高雄市參加106年全國中等學校運動會16個不同運動項目之249位學生為預試對象,以及600位學生為正式研究對象,主要資料分析方法包括變異數分析、多元迴歸分析、因素分析及結構方程模式。本研究主要發現歸納如下:
一、高雄市中學優秀運動員運動人格特質、運動心理技能、運動教練領導行為及運動社會支持各五個分量表,除了運動心理技能的自信心分量表外,其餘所有分量表之得分均顯著高於五點量尺的中點(3分)。二、高雄市不同性別中學優秀運動員之運動人格特質、運動心理技能、運動教練領導行為及運動社會支持之得分有顯著差異。三、高雄市國中與高中優秀運動員之運動人格特質、運動心理技能及運動社會支持無顯著差異,運動教練領導行為則有顯著差異。四、本研究修訂之中學優秀運動員運動人格特質、運動心理技能、運動教練領導行為、運動社會支持及運動自我效能精簡量表,信效度均佳,施測所需時間極短,可作為教練瞭解選手之參考工具,且可作為學術研究之用。五、以運動人格特質量表、運動心理技能量表、運動教練領導行為量表、運動社會支持各分量表預測運動自我效能的最精簡模式,包括專注、動機、支持行為、穩定性、逆境調適、嚴謹性等六個預測變項。六、預測自我效能最精簡預測模式的專注、動機、支持行為、穩定性、逆境調適、嚴謹性六個變項中以動機與嚴謹性之相關最高,其次是逆境調適與動機,以及逆境調適與嚴謹性。
本研究根據研究結果與討論提出幾點建議以作為未來研究及實務上之參考。
This study, based on sport psychology, aimed to investigate the relationship between intrinsic mental efficacy, external surrounding efficacy and sport self-efficacy among excellent high-school athletes. After literature review, the theoretical model is constructed by four broad constructs, which are personality, sport psychological skills, coach leadership behaviors, and sport social support. Then, five sub-constructs (narrower constructs) are developed from the four broad constructs individually, and are used to predict sport self-efficacy. The standardized assessment tool can be revised and adapted to measure intrinsic mental efficacy, external surrounding efficacy and sports self-efficacy among excellent domestic high-school athletes. The pretest data was obtained from 249 students who attended sixteen different sports of 2017 National High School Athletic Games from Kaohsiung City. 600 students were chosen for the formal research. The statistical methods used to analyze the data were ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, factor analysis, and structure equation modeling. The conclusions of this study were summarized as following:
1) The scores of personality, coach leadership behaviors and sport social support are significantly more than three points in the five-point scale, but the confidence of sport psychological skills is not. 2) There are significant differences in personality, sport psychological skills, coach leadership behaviors, and sport social support between different genders. 3) Except coach leadership behaviors, there is no significant difference in personality, sport psychological skills and sport social support between junior-high-school athletes and senior-high-school athletes. 4) The scale revised and purified by this study has good reliability and validity and takes very short time to test. It can be used to understand athletes for coaches and to do research for experts and researchers. 5) The most purified model to predict sport self-efficacy is constructed by concentration, motivation, supportive behavior, stability, coping with adversity, and conscientiousness as predictor variables. 6) Overall, the strongest correlation is showed between motivation and conscientiousness, secondly coping with adversity and motivation, and coping with adversity and conscientiousness.
Based on the research findings, suggestions were offered for further studies and practical implementation.
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