戰後日本憲法中之第八章，以92條至第95條的4個條文規定地方自治的理念及其內容。日本之地方自治法，則承受日本憲法之宗旨，創設了「住民訴訟」制度，為日本行政訴訟中客觀訴訟之一種類型。我國在1998 年修正後之行政訴訟法第9條所規定之訴訟類型，在我國亦被稱為「維護公益訴訟」或「民眾訴訟」，頗類似日本客觀訴訟制度。不過我國目前行政訴訟之類型，仍然沒有類似日本「住民訴訟」之立法。基於上述問題意識，本文想由對日本之住民訴訟對實現日本憲法上地方自治理念之影響進行分析，期能藉由對日本經驗之檢討，作為思考我國地方自治，或檢討是否引進類似日本住民訴訟制度時之參考。

After the World War Ⅱ, the Japanese Consititution ChapterⅧ, from Article 92 to Article 95 stipulated the principles and the contents of the Local Autonomy. The J apanese“ Local Autonomy Law” accepted the Japanese Constitution’ s aim to establish the System of the Resident’s Suit. It is one of kinds of Japanese Administrative Suit, called‘ Objective Suit’. After 1998, The Article 9 of the Taiwanese Administrative Suit Law also stipulated a kind of suit, which is similar to the Japanese Objective Suit, called the ‘ Public Benefit Suit’ or‘Public Suit’. However, there are not any Systems, which is like the Japanese Resident's Suit has been established by the legislation in Taiwan yet. In this paper, Author would like to focus the analyses on the Japanese ‘Resident’s Suit’ System releating to its realizing the value of Japansese Constitution’s Local Autonomy. Author wi1l also intend to assess if the Japanse experiences of the Resident's Suit can be introduced to Taiwan or not.