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題名：對應於歐洲共同架構的華語詞彙量
書刊名：華語文教學研究
作者：張莉萍
作者(外文)：Chang, Li-ping
出版日期：2012
卷期：9:2
頁次：頁77-96
主題關鍵詞：詞彙量；詞表；學習者語料庫；覆蓋率；歐洲共同架構；Vocabulary size；Wordlist；Learner corpus；Coverage；CEFR
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(14) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:11
  • 共同引用共同引用:6
  • 點閱點閱:64
本文先從外語詞彙學習文獻入手，檢視英語詞彙量的研究，再從文本覆蓋率、教學與認知學習等方向來探討漢語詞彙量和歐洲共同架構（CEFR）之間的關係。筆者建構了一個學習者語料庫－內容取自以CEFR為架構的電腦華語寫作能力考試，分析現階段113萬字語料，根據語料覆蓋率概念，並參考華語教材與學習之間的關係，初步建議對應於CEFR等級的漢語詞彙量：A2約1000個詞；B1是2300-3000個詞；B2是4500-5000個詞。至於C級詞彙量，則限於考試寫作語料庫C級語料不足，加入外籍學生手寫作文語料統計，估計C級詞彙量介於8000到10000個詞之間。
The study aims to explore the relationship between the vocabulary size and learners' Chinese proficiency based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR, Council of Europe, 2001) six levels. The research method is corpus-based. The source of the corpus is mainly from the computer-based writing Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) which is designed according to the CEFR. So far, the learner corpus consists of more than 1 million Chinese characters from A2 to C1 levels. The paper discusses the question from the aspects of text coverage calculation, wordlists of teaching materials and cognitive learning. The results suggest the vocabulary size for A2 level is 1000; B1 level is 2300-3000; B2 level is 4500-5000; C level is 8000-10000.
期刊論文
1.T'sou,Benjamin K.、Lin,Hing-lung、Liu,Godfrey、Chan,Terence、Hu,Jerome、Chew,Ching-hai、Tse,John K. P.(19970200)。A Synchronous Chinese Language Corpus from Different Speech Communities: Construction and Applications。International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing，2:1，頁91-104。new window  new window
2.Stæhr, Lars Stenius(2008)。Vocabulary size and the skills of listening, reading and writing。The Language Learning Journal，36(2)，139-152。  new window
3.Schmitt, N.(2008)。Instructed second language vocabulary learning。Language Teaching Research，12(3)，329-363。  new window
4.Hu, M. H.-C.、Nation, I. S. P.(2000)。Unknown vocabulary density and reading comprehension。Reading in a Foreign Language，13(1)，403-430。  new window
5.藍珮君(20071200)。基礎華語文能力測驗與歐洲語言共同參考架構的對應關係。臺灣華語文教學，2007(2)=3，39-47。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Qian, David D.(1999)。Assessing the roles of depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension。The Canadian Modern Language Review，56(2)，282-308。  new window
7.Laufer, Batia(1998)。The development of passive and active vocabulary in a second language: Same or different?。Applied Linguistics，19(2)，255-271。  new window
8.鄭昭明(19970900)。漢語水平考試的定位、編製及「字彙」與「詞彙」使用的問題。華文世界，85，42-47。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Astika, G. G.(1993)。Analytical assessment of foreign students' writing。RELC Journal，24，61-72。  new window
10.Nation, I. S. Paul(2006)。How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening?。The Canadian Modern Language Review，63(1)，59-82。  new window
11.馮勝利、Feng, Sheng-li.、Hu, Wen-ze(2005)。對外漢語書面語教學與研究的最新發展。  延伸查詢new window
12.Yeh, Teh-ming(1997)。華語文常用詞彙頻率等級統整研究。華文世界，85，14-21。  延伸查詢new window
13.Adolph, Svenja.、Norbert Schmitt(2003)。Lexical coverage of spoken discourse。Applied Linguistics，24(4)，425-438。  new window
14.Capel, Annette(2010)。A1-B2 vocabulary: insights and issues arising from the English Profile Wordlists project。English Profile Journal，1(1)，1-11。  new window
15.Vermeer, Anne(2001)。Breadth and depth of vocabulary in relation to L1/L2 acquisition and frequency of input。Applied Psycholinguistics，22，217-234。  new window
16.Weir, Cyril J.(2005)。Limitations of the Common European Framework for developing comparable examinations and tests。Language Testing，22(3)，281-300。  new window
17.Figueras, Neus、North, Brian、Takala, Sauli、Verhest, Norman、Piet Van Avermaet(2005)。Relating examinations to the Common European Framework: A manual。Language Testing，22(3)，261-279。  new window
18.Milton, James.、Alexiou, Thomai(2009)。Vocabulary size and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages。Vocabulary studies in first and second language acquisition，194-211。  new window
19.Taylor, Lynda(2004)。IELTS, Cambridge ESOL examination and the Common European Framework。Research Notes，18，2-3。  new window
會議論文
1.張莉萍(2007)。華語文能力測驗（TOP-Huayu）發展現況。外語能力測驗之動向與展望國際學術研討會，185-195。  延伸查詢new window
2.Chang, Li-ping(2011)。對應於歐洲共同架構的對外漢語學時建議。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.Peng, Guei-Ying(2007)。俄語能力測驗(TOREL)在臺灣之現況與展望155-163。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.張莉萍(2004)。華語文詞彙與句型分級方式初探 (計畫編號：NSC-92-2411-H-003-045)。  延伸查詢new window
2.CKIP(1996)。「搜」文解字--中文詞界研究與資訊用分詞標準。南港, 臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.CKIP(1998)。詞頻辭典。南港, 臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.SC-TOP(2011)。各年度各題本詞彙得分與各變項相關分析。  延伸查詢new window
5.Tannenbaum, Richard J.、Wylie, E. Caroline(2005)。Mapping English Language Proficiency Test Scores Onto the Common European Framework。Princeton, NJ.。  new window
學位論文
1.Zimmerman, Kevin J(2004)。The role of vocabulary size in assessing second language proficiency(碩士論文)。Brigham Young University，Provo, Utah。  new window
圖書
1.Hindmarsh, R.(1980)。Cambridge English Lexicon。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Van Ek、Jan Ate(1975)。The threshold level。Strasbourg：The Council of Europe。  new window
3.張莉萍(2002)。華語文能力測驗理論與實務。臺北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
4.Nation, I. S. Paul(2001)。Learning Vocabulary in Another Language。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Council of Europe(2001)。Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Wilkins, David Arthur(1972)。Linguistics in Language Teaching。Edward Arnold。  new window
7.信世昌、鄧守信、Hsin, Shih-chang, Shou-hsin Teng.、Ming-yi Li(2010)。華語基礎詞庫1.0版。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.Meara, Paul M.、Milton, James L.(2003)。X_Lex, the Swansea Levels Test。Exress。  new window
9.Van Ek, Jan Ate.、Trim John Leslie Melville(1980)。Waystage English。London。  new window
10.Council of Europe(2003)。Relating language examinations to the common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEF) DGIV/EDU/LANG 2003, 5。Strasbourg：Language Policy Division。  new window
11.Chang, Yu-wen(2003)。詞彙分級研究。華語文能力測驗編製：研究與實務。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
12.劉英林、Liu, Ying-lin.、Song, Shao-zhou(1992)。論漢語教學字詞的統計與分級。漢語水平考詞彙與漢字等級大綱。北京。  延伸查詢new window
13.Milton, James、Wade, Jo.、Hopkins, Nicola(2010)。Aural word recognition and oral competence in a foreign language。Insights into nonnative vocabulary teaching and learning。Bristol。  new window
單篇論文
1.高詩涵，陳俐蘋，藍珮君(2007)。TOP 與CEFR 初步對應結果，臺北市：國家華語測驗推動工作委員會。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Hanban (Confucius Institute Headquarters)(2010)。漢語水平考試，http://english.hanban.org/node_8002.htm#nod， 20100315。  new window
2.Fachverband Chinesisch e.V(2010)。對新漢語水平考試的幾項說明，http://www.fachverband-chinesisch.de/fachverbandchinesischev/thesenpapiereundresolutionen/FaCh2010_ErklaerungHSK.pdf， 20100801。  new window
3.Milton, James(2010)。The development of vocabulary breadth across the CEFR levels。  new window
4.Tsai, Ya-Hsun(2011)。以CEFR 為基礎之華語教學規準(投影片)。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.鄭錦全(1998)。從計量理解語言認知。漢語計量與計算研究。香港：香港城市大學電腦科學系及語言資訊科學研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
2.Melka, F.(1997)。Receptive vs. productive aspects of vocabulary。Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Laufer, Batia(1992)。How much lexis is necessary for reading comprehension?。Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics。MacMillan。  new window
4.Laufer, Batia(1989)。What percentage of text-lexis is essential for comprehension?。Special Language: From Humans Thinking to Thinking Machines。Clevedon：Multilingual Matters。  new window
 
 
 
 
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