建設公共服務型政府是中國大陸政府於上個世紀末提出的目標，處於政府最末端的農村地區，隨著人民公社制度的解體，自給自足式的公共服務供給模式被明顯削弱，政府面臨著來自社會需求的巨大壓力。本研究從經濟改革對政府和社會的影響入手，在改革的初期，農村公共服務出現供給短缺，農民的教育醫療支出大幅增長，經濟負擔較重。隨後，中央政府開始積極增加投入，在一定程度上緩解了供給短缺的問題。但是由於中央政府的資訊缺失，地方政府的激勵不足等問題，又導致了農村公共服務呈現出供需結構上的巨大矛盾。推動公共決策的社會參與、鼓勵市場和第三部門參與公共服務的供給是從根本上解決這一問題的前提。

Building a public service government is one of the aims of Mainland China's government in late 1990s. In the remote rural areas, the disintegration of the people's commune system had weakened the self-sufficiency of the public service system in these areas. The government was unable to provide adequate social welfare to the growing needs of the society. This research is aiming to highlight the influence of the economic reform on the government and the society. At the beginning, due to the shortage of rural public service, the rural residents should pay more money on education and medical treatment, which became a heavy burden. And then, the central government provided more financial support on rural public service. However, because of the information deficiency of the central government and incentive insufficiency of local governments, there is a great contradiction in the ”supply and demand” structure in the provision of public service in rural areas. In order to solve the contradiction, there are two premises for the China government, one is promoting the social participation of public decision, and the other is encouraging the participation of the market and the third sectors in the supply of public services.