目的：旨在探討國小高年級學童視力保健行為及其相關因素。方法：採橫斷面研究設計，普查大肚區七所國小高年級學童共 924人，進行基本變項 (含人口學特質及結構變項 )、視力保健行為之健康信念（罹患性、嚴重性、利益與障礙）、視力保健行為之行動線索及視力保健行為資料之收集。結果： 1.國小高年級學童視力保健行為平均分數為 37.98±8.25（滿分為 55）。 2.預測「國小學童採取視力保健行為」主要因素依序為「自覺視力保健障礙性」、「近視的知識」、「自覺近視嚴重性」、「學業總成績」、「年級」、「自覺視力保健利益性」等六項，即自覺採取視力保健行為之障礙性愈低、對近視的知識愈好、自覺近視是ㄧ嚴重的問題，學業成績較好、低年級與自覺透過視力保健所得之利益愈大者其視力保健行為較好，調整後可解釋之總變異量為 20.3%。建議：國小高年級學童對視力保健行為之執行屬於中等，未來可增進其近視的知識與強化其對視力保建的嚴重性、利益信念，最重要的是降低其執行視力保健行為的障礙。

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore the vision health behaviors and related factors among fifth and sixth grade school children. Methods: A consus survey was used for fifth and sixth grade students in elemtntary school. Nine hundred and twenty four subjects were recruited in seven elementary schools in Dadu District. A structured questionnaire was used which included four parts: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) health belief of vision health behavior (including perception of susceptibility and seriousness of myopia as well as benefits and barriers of the implementation of vision health behavior), (3) action cues about vision health behavior, and (4) vision health behavior. Results showed that: (1) mean scores of vision health behaviors were 37.98 ± 8.25 (total score were 55). (2) "perveived barriers of behavior", "myopia knowledge", "perceived severity of myopia", "academic achievement", "grade", "perceived benefits of behavior " were predictors to vision health behavior. That mean when students perveived less barriers of behavior, more myopia knowledge, had good academic achievement, fifth grade, perceived more sever and benefit of myopia had better vision care behavior. The adjusted total variance explained by 20.3%. Suggestions: higher grade elementary students had moderate level of vision health behavior, We suggest to educate myopia knowledge and strengthen their perceptions of severity and benefit about myopia, the most important was to lower their barriers of implementating vision health behavior.