Objective: To discuss and analyze cases where the court determined that medical negligence had occurred and identify key factors to prevent the occurrence of similar medical disputes. Methods: Analysis of data on medical appraisal cases accepted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and review of three criminal medical negligence cases. Results: According to the data, an average of 468 medical negligence cases have been filed in court per year over the preceding 12 years; this averages to a high rate of 1.28 cases per day. Of these cases, 76.5% were criminal and 22.3% were civil; this is a high proportion of criminal cases. We analyzed the grounds for three medical negligence cases and arrived at conclusions concerning how to prevent such cases from occurring in the future. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the following specific recommendations are made. First, the standard for medical rescue operations should be strengthened. Second, comprehensive medical records should be included in case filings. Third, specialized mediation units should be established for medical negligence cases. In conclusion, deaths caused by malpractice can be readily distinguished from those caused by actual medical conditions, and thus mediation of malpractice-based claims could yield a high rate of success.