理解他人是指推斷他人的心理狀態,以及解釋和預測他人行為的心理加工。本研究采用常識問題任務,通過三個實驗來考察成人理解他人的加工機制,提出并驗證雙加工模型。研究發現:第一,個體在理解他人的過程中綜合考慮了自我信息和他人信息,提出并驗證了雙加工模型。第二,反饋作用會改變個體自我模擬所獲得的自我信息,從而影響理解他人。第三,他人信息將影響自我對他人的推斷預測,片面的他人信息會導致理解他人出現偏差。

Mindreading refers to the ability to infer another person’s mental state,explain and predict the behavior of others. Three experiments were designed to explore the mechanism of mindreading,and testify the dual-processing model. Experiment 1 explored the influence of the self and others’ information on mindreading. By using the different feedback information,Experiment 2 changed the participant’s self-monitoring to explore the impact of self-monitoring on mindreading. Experiment 3 changed the other people’s information to explore the impact of others performance information on mindreading. Results showed that: Firstly,mindreading in cognitive tasks comprehensively applies the self and others’ information. Secondly,the feedback information changes the participant ’s self-monitoring. If the feedback leads to the underestimate of the participant’s self-monitoring,then his mindreading will be underestimated,and vice versa. Thirdly,the other people’s performance information also affects mindreading.